Figure 4From: Evaluation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, prolylpeptidyl isomerase A, and a set of stably expressed genes as reference mRNAs in urate crystal inflammationIdentification of candidate reference genes. A. Median absolute deviation from the median (MAD) of 23 genes which were identified with ANOVA as "not regulated" (p ≥ 0.05) is plotted against the p values determined by ANOVA. Genes possessing low MAD but high p values (p >> 0.05) would constitute candidate reference genes. The three genes with the lowest MAD are identified by red (PPIA), orange (DAD1) and light blue (HMGB1) dots. The dotted line represents the p value threshold of 0.05. B. geNorm analysis of the same 23 genes as in A. The final output contains 22 genes since geNorm excluded IFN-γ due to excess missing values. The y-axis represents the average expression stability (M value) of the remaining 22 genes. PPIA, DAD1 and HMGB1 have the lowest M values and constitute the best candidate reference genes. Abbreviations: ADK, adenosine kinase; BAD, Bcl associated death promoter; BIRC5, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5; CKM, creatine kinase (muscle); CD3e, cluster of differentiation 3, ε subunit; CD1a, cluster of differentiation 1a; CMA1, mast cell chimase; COX1, cyclooxygenase 1; DAD1, defender against cell death 1; DMD, dystrophin; GPCR44, G-protein coupled receptor 44; HMGB1, high mobility group B1; IL-11, interleukin 11; MMP19, matrix metalloproteinase 19; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NURR1, nuclear receptor related 1; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PIGF, phosphatidyl inositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F; PLCg1, phospholipase C γ1; PPIA, prolylpeptidyl isomerase A; SIVA1, SIVA1 apopotosis-inducing factor; TUBB3, tubulin β3.Back to article page