Table 1 Urinary bacterial adhesion to T24 cells expressed as Adhesion Index (AI) following consumption of increasing doses of cranberry powder of proanthocyanidins (PACs) with or without propolis vs. placebo. The results are representative of at least three independent trials
AI Median [Range] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAC* (mg) | - | 36 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 72 | 90 | 120 | 144 |
Propolis (mg) | - | - | - | 170 | 192 | - | 255 | 340 | - |
4-6 h | 21.5 [15-28] | 10.5 [5-16] | 4.7 [0-13] | 3.0 [0-8] | 3.5 [0-10] | 5.9 [1-11] | 2.1 [0-7] | 1.3 [0-6] | 2.5 [1-6] |
12 h | 22.5 [16-30] | 14.4 [8-19] | 12.6 [5-18] | 13.7 [5-25] | 7.5 [0-14] | 5.9 [1-9] | 2.9 [15-5] | 1.8 [0-6] | ND |
24 h | 22.3 [15-29] | 16.0 [10-22] | 21.5 [15-26] | 17.1 [12-29] | 18.5 [10-25] | 14.5 [2-25] | 17.4 [10-25] | 3.5 [0-10] | 9.9 [2-15] |
Reference | This study | [17, 23] | This study | This study | This study | [17,23] | This study | This study | [23] |