Variables | Men | Women | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | Beta | 95% CI | Beta | 95% CI |
Age | ||||
50–59 | Reference | |||
60–69 | -4.57 (-8.20 to -0.98)* | -2.55 (-6.10 to 1.01) | -1.14 (-3.86 to 1.58) | 1.37 (-1.03 to 3.78) |
70–79 | -5.41 (-9.91 to -0.90)* | -3.53 (-9.38 to 2.32) | -4.26 (-7.95 to -0.56)* | -1.23 (-5.24 to 2.79) |
80+ | -9.32 (-17.49 to -1.15)* | -2.25 (-10.22-5.72) | -7.74 (-10.97 to -4.51)*** | -2.37 (-6.60 to 1.85) |
Population group | ||||
African Black | Reference | --- | --- | |
White | 7.62 (-1.76 to 17.00) | 8.21 (-1.70 to 18.12) | ||
Coloured | -4.39 (-14.16 to 5.37) | -2.42 (-9.23 to 4.39) | ||
Indian or Asian | -5.90 (-15.15 to 3.35) | 0.02 (-4.05 to 4.08) | ||
Educational level | ||||
No schooling | Reference | --- | ||
Less than primary | 2.34 (-2.07 to 6.75) | 0.26 (-1.86 to 2.38) | 1.17 (-1.44 to 3.78) | |
Primary | -3.24 (-7.06 to 0.56) | 1.25 (-1.56 to 4.06) | 0.30 (-2.31 to 2.92) | |
Secondary | 3.98 (-0.21 to 8.16) | 5.51 (1.63 to 9.38)** | 2.07 (-1.56 to 5.70) | |
Wealth | ||||
Low | Reference | --- | --- | |
Medium | 2.08 (-3.33 to 7.49) | 1.70 (-0.89 to 4.29) | ||
High | 0.83 (-3.74 to 5.41) | 3.85 (-0.11 to 7.80) | ||
Geolocality | ||||
Rural | Reference | --- | --- | |
Urban | 0.57 (-4.34 to 5.49) | 0.83 (-4.02 to 5.67) | ||
Health variables | ||||
Height (cms) | 0.19 (0.08 to 0.30)*** | 0.15 (0.02 to 0.28)* | 0.20 (0.08 to 0.33)** | 0.13 (0.02 to 0.25)* |
Underweight | -9.41 (-17.86 to -0.95)* | -8.41 (-14.87 to -1.94)* | 1.17 (-5.30 to 7.64) | --- |
Obese | -0.50 (-5.53 to 4.52) | --- | -0.37 (-2.72 to 1.99) | --- |
Cognitive functioning | 7.61 (3.99 to 11.22)*** | 2.84 (-0.30 to 5.97) | 8.96 (5.34 to 12.58)*** | 6.40 (3.07 to 9.74)*** |
Self-rated health | ||||
Very good/good | Reference | |||
Moderate | -3.71 (-8.03 to 0.62) | 1.88 (-3.31 to 7.06) | -4.67 (-7.59 to -1.75)** | 0.17 (-2.70 to 3.04) |
Bad/very bad | -8.86 (-14.44 to -3.29)** | 0.82 (-3.94 to 5.57) | -6.75 (-11.41 to -2.08)** | 1.52 (-3.06 to 6.10) |
Functional disability | ||||
Low | Reference | |||
Medium | -5.95 (-9.04 to -2.85)*** | -5.95 (-8.54 to -3.36)*** | -6.93 (-10.62 to -3.24)*** | -6.33 (-10.03 to -2.63)*** |
High | -11.69 (-15.58 to -7.80)*** | -8.92 (-14.7 to -3.22)** | -10.64 (-14.90 to -6.39)*** | -8.41 (-12.92 to -3.90)*** |
Chronic conditions (≥2 or more) | -8.87 (-14.14 to -3.60)*** | -5.03 (-11.1 to 1.06) | -4.21 (-6.87 to -1.56)** | -2.91 (-6.23 to 0.39) |
Depression | -4.32 (-13.36 to 4.71) | --- | -2.21 (-9.31 to 4.90) | --- |
Daily tobacco use | 2.04 (-1.34 to 5.42) | --- | -0.22 (-3.69 to 3.26) | --- |
Alcohol use (10 drinks or more a week) | 3.95 (-2.44 to 10.34) | --- | -8.48 (-16.24 to -0.72)* | -7.99 (-17.77 to 1.78) |
Physical inactivity | -1.65 (-5.27 to 1.98) | --- | -1.53 (-5.50 to 2.44) | --- |