Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study participants in the case and control groups
Variables | Cases (71) | Controls (142) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender 1 | Â | Â | 1 |
 Male | 35 (49.3) | 70 (49.3) | |
 Female | 36 (50.7) | 72 (50.7) | |
Common ways of cooking meat 1 | Â | Â | 0.282 |
 Fried | 20 (28.2) | 28 (19.7) | |
 Fried / Boiling | 35 (49.3) | 71 (50.0) | |
 Smoking / Grilling | 16 (22.5) | 43 (30.3) | |
Common ways of preparing vegetables 1 | Â | Â | 0.083 |
 Raw / Fresh | 29 (40.8) | 78 (54.9) | |
 Boiled | 8 (11.3) | 18 (12.7) | |
 Fried, Fried / Frozen | 34 (47.9) | 46 (32.4) | |
Family history of CRC in the first-degree relatives 1 | Â | Â | 0.017 |
 Yes | 7 (9.9) | 3 (2.1) | |
 No | 64 (90.1) | 139 (97.9) | |
Education 1 | Â | Â | 0.147 |
 No formal education | 28 (39.3) | 36 (25.4) | |
 Elementary | 22 (31.0) | 45 (31.6) | |
 Junior/ High school | 7 (9.9) | 19 (13.4) | |
 Diploma/College/University | 14 (19.7) | 42 (29.6) | |
Smoking 1 | Â | Â | 0.164 |
 Never | 57 (80.2) | 101 (70.1) | |
 Former | 8 (11.3) | 15 (10.6) | |
 Current | 6 (8.5) | 26 (18.3) | |
Age (year) 2 | 58.2 ± 10.4 | 57.7 ± 10.4 | 0.746 |
BMI (kg/m2) 2 | 27.6 ± 4.2 | 26.6 ± 4.2 | 0.362 |
WHR 2 | 0.97 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.002 |
Income (dollar/month) 3 | 393.0 (253.0) | 402.0 (302.0) | 0.206 |
Physical activity (MET-h/day) 2 | 36.8 ± 3.6 | 36.7 ± 4.8 | 0.932 |
PDP score 2 | 34.9 ± 4.7 | 36.3 ± 4.6 | 0.043 |
Energy (kcal/day) 2 | 2262.3 ± 450.1 | 2255.2 ± 341.2 | 0.908 |
Fiber (g/day) 2 | 18.9 ± 2.3 | 20.4 ± 3.1 | <0.001 |
Ibuprofen 1 | Â | Â | 0.059 |
 Yes | 5 (7.0) | 22 (15.5) | |
 No | 66 (93.0) | 120 (84.5) | |
Aspirin 1 | Â | Â | 0.016 |
 Yes | 1 (1.4) | 14 (9.9) | |
 No | 70 (98.6) | 128 (90.1) | |
Acetaminophen 1 | Â | Â | 0.004 |
 Yes | 4 (5.6) | 28 (19.7) | |
 No | 67 (94.4) | 114 (80.3) | |
Baby aspirin 1 | Â | Â | 0.106 |
 Yes | 15 (21.1) | 19 (13.4) | |
 No | 56 (78.9) | 123 (86.6) | |
Mineral supplement use 1 | Â | Â | 0.015 |
 Yes | 8 (11.3) | 35 (24.6) | |
 No | 63 (88.7) | 107 (75.4) |