Table 1 Demographic and baseline characteristics of study participants

Age (years)

40.32 ± 10.12

41.88 ± 9.37

36.31 ± 11.15

Female (%)

49 (79.03)

38 (77.55)

11 (22.45)

Current smokers (%)

12 (100)

7 (58.33)

5 (41.67)

Education Level

Completed high school (%)

11 (18.33)

67 (63.64)

4 (36.36)

College diploma (%)

15 (25.00)

8 (53.33)

7 (46.67)

University degree (%)

14 (23.33)

10 (71.43)

4 (28.57)

Postgraduate qualification (%)

20 (33.33)

17 (85.00)

3 (15.00)

Cardiometabolic Outcomes

BMI (kg/m²)

30.39 ± 6.47

31.32 ± 7.03

28.13 ± 4.21

WC (cm)

88.56 ± 12.23

89.93 ± 11.87

85.22 ± 12.80

Overweight (%)

21 (33.87)

15 (24.19)

6 (9.68)

Obesity (%)

29 (46.77)

21 (33.87)

8 (12.90)

SBP (mmHg)

114.65 ± 14.56

112.55 ± 14.05

119.81 ± 14.88

DBP (mmHg)

81.72 ± 8.87

81.78 ± 8.75

81.56 ± 9.42

Hypertension (%)

38 (61.29)

27 (43.44)

11 (17.74)

RBG (mmol/L^− 1)

6.70 ± 2.71

6.81 ± 3.11

6.43 ± 1.36

HbA1c (%)

6.11 ± 1.15

6.16 ± 1.29

5.98 ± 0.67

Diabetes (%)

25 (40.32)

16 (25.81)

9 (14.51)

Triglycerides (mmol/L^− 1)

1.52 ± 0.66

1.53 ± 0.66

1.49 ± 0.66

HDL (mmol/L^− 1)

1.33 ± 0.34

1.37 ± 0.36

1.22 ± 0.26

LDL (mmol/L^− 1)

1.70 ± 1.25

1.63 ± 1.33

1.88 ± 1.01

Total Cholesterol (mmol/L^− 1)

4.09 ± 1.23

4.25 ± 1.20

3.69 ± 1.25

Accelerometry data (median IQR)

Sleeping time (mins/day)

352.19 (233.51–392.23)

364.89 (243.24–393.51)

319.05 (189.67–389.95)

Sedentary time (mins/day)

89.12 (73.24–107.51)

97.52 ( 80.51- 109.74)

79.65 (53.58–90.67)

LPA (mins/day)

111.49 (84.96–130.08)

111.49 (96.22–133.76)

103.72 (67.72–129.24 )

MVPA (mins/day)

24.64 (10.27–39.23)

24.64 (11.68–39.01)

24.18 (9.15–65.43)