Fig. 2

Effects silica-inhalation, HFWD-consumption, and combined exposure on body weight in animals used for A IPT and B Ussing experiments. HFWD-consumption significantly increased animal body weight at all time points compared to STD control groups regardless of silica exposure; silica-inhalation had no significant effect on body weight. P < 0.05. * Indicates significance compared to STD + AIR group. ⁺ Indicates significance compared to STD + SIL group. For IPT experiments n = 8, 8, and 5–8 at 0, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. For Ussing experiment n = 6–8, 8, and 8 at 0, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively