Table 1 Subject demographic and clinical characteristics by receipt of antibiotics prior to admission*
Receipt of Antibiotics Prior to Admission | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Yes (n = 128) | No (n = 605) | p-value |
Age, years (standard deviation) | 58.2 (16.1) | 59.7 (16.1) | 0.3 |
Men | 90 (70) | 482 (86) | 0.02 |
Admitted through emergency department | 104 (81) | 509 (89) | 0.4 |
Admitted to intensive care within 24 hours | 18 (14) | 125 (20) | 0.09 |
Preexisting Comorbid Conditions | |||
Congestive heart failure | 16 (13) | 90 (15) | 0.5 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 35 (27) | 16 (22) | 0.9 |
History of stroke | 10 (8) | 72 (12) | 0.2 |
Chronic liver disease | 3 (2) | 34 (6) | 0.1 |
History of malignancy | 12 (9) | 59 (10) | 0.9 |
Renal insufficiency | 13 (10) | 58 (10) | 0.8 |
History, Physical, Laboratory, and Radiographic Data | |||
Altered mental status | 12 (9) | 56 (9) | 0.9 |
Respiratory rate > 30 per minute | 10 (8) | 64 (11) | 0.3 |
Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg | 2 (2) | 15 (2) | 0.5 |
Heart rate > 125 per minute | 12 (9) | 86 (14) | 0.1 |
Temperature < 95° or > 104° | 0 (0) | 20 (3) | 0.04 |
Arterial pH < 7.35 | 5 (4) | 4 (7) | 0.2 |
Arterial oxygenation saturation < 90% | 28 (22) | 137 (23) | 0.9 |
Hematocrit < 30% | 9 (7) | 56 (9) | 0.4 |
Serum blood urea nitrogen > 30 mg/dL | 27 (21) | 120 (20) | 0.8 |
Serum glucose > 250 mg/dL | 14 (11) | 60 (10) | 0.7 |
Serum sodium < 130 meq/L | 23 (18) | 88 (15) | 0.3 |
Pleural effusion on chest radiograph | 27 (21) | 147 (24) | 0.4 |
Pneumonia Severity Index | |||
Class I-III | 74 (58) | 330 (54) | |
Class IV | 45 (35) | 198 (33) | |
Class V | 9 (7) | 77 (13) | 0.2 |