Table 1 Included studies regarding risk factors in sport and/or occupation described in terms of author/year/country, sport/occupation, design of the study (cross sectional, case-control or cohort), population, exposure and results.
From: Risk factors for developing jumper's knee in sport and occupation: a review
1e author/year/country | Sport/Occupation | Research design | Population | Exposure | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cook/2000a/ Australia | Sport | Cohort prospective (16 months) | N = 26, 8 males, 18 females, A = [14–18] All a-symptomatic at baseline Activity: elite basketball players | -sport hrs/week: unknown, -14.5 hrs of weight-bearing training per week | -significant increase in tendon abnormalities was associated with significant increase in training hrs/week |
Cook/2000b/ Australia | Sport | Cross- sectional | N = 163, two groups: -N = 134, elite basketball players, 70 males 64 females, A = 16 [14–18], H = 186 [162–211], W = 75 [47–98] -N = 29, swimming athletes acting as controls, 17 males, 12 females, A = 17 [31–21], H = 174 [154–192], W = 62 [38–82] | -sport hrs/week basketball players: 15 hrs exercise, 12 hrs weight bearing -sport hrs/week swimmers: 17 hrs exercise, 3 hrs weight bearing | -at least 7 percent of the basketball players had jumper's knee but none of the swimmers |
Crossley/2007/Australia | Sport | Case control | N = 58, three groups; -no symptoms, N = 31, A = 24 ± 6, H = 177 ± .0.9, W = 71 ± 11 -unilateral JK, N = 14, A = 26 ± 7, H = 178 ± 1, W = 80 ± 16 -bilateral JK, N = 13, A = 28 ± 8, H = 176 ± 1, W = 82 ± 14 Activity: tennis, volleyball, basketball, netball or soccer | Sport hrs/week: - no symptoms group: 3 hrs - unilateral group: 4 hrs - bilateral group: 7 hrs | -significantly more hrs of sport per week in bilateral group compared to both unilateral and no symptoms group -no significant difference in hrs of sport per week in unilateral group compared to the no symptoms group |
Ferretti/1984/ Italy | Sport | Cross- sectional | N = 407, both males and females Activity: elite volleyball players | Sport hrs/week: -between 2 and more than 14 hrs | - the number of playing and training sessions (> 14 hrs/week) per week increased the prevalence of jumper's knee -years of play had no significant effect, but peak is seen at third year of participation -playing surface (p < 0.05) (parquet better than cement) -type of training: no effect |
Gaida/2004/ Australia | Sport | Case control | N = 39, all elite female basketball players, three groups; -no JK (controls), N = 24, A = 21 ± 3, H = 176 ± 7, W = 74 ± 9 -unilateral JK, N = 8, A = 20 ± 2, H = 178 ± 10, W = 73 ± 13 -bilateral, N = 7, A = 21 ± 3, H = 178 ± 9, W = 74 ± 9 Activity: basketball players | Sport hrs/week: -Unilateral and bilateral group on average: 12 hrs -controls on average: 9 hrs | -subjects with 1 or 2 hypoechoic regions trained 2.6 (± 1.4) hrs/week more than controls |
Kettunen/2002/Finland | Sport | Case control Prospective (15 years) | N = 47, (all males) two groups: -N = 14, no JK (controls) -N = 18, with JK (cases) Activity: ball players, long distance runners | Sport hrs/week: Not mentioned but based on table 2: about 10 | -no difference in duration, frequency and intensity of work and leisure time physical activity between two groups at follow up |
Lian/2003/ Norway | Sport | Case control | N = 47, all males two groups: -N = 24 with JK (cases), A:22 ± 4 H = 191 ± 7, W = 87 ± 8 -N = 23 no JK (controls), A = 22 ± 4, H = 190, W = 82 ± 8 Activity: volleyball | Sport hrs/week: cases: 8 hrs, controls:7 hrs Weight training hrs/week: cases: 5 hrs, controls: 2 hrs | -no association between hours of training and JK (p > 0.05) -more weight training is associated with JK (p < 0.01) |
Malliaras/ 2006/ Australia | Sport | Cross sectional | N = 113, 73 males and 40 females, A:26 ± 5, H = 79 ± 13, W = 181 ± 0 activity: volleyball | -years of exposure: 4.6 ± 1.6 -sport hrs/week: 8.4 ± 4.6 | -no association between the years of volleyball playing and the weekly hours of training with tendon abnormality and/or pain |
Taunton/2002/Canada | Sport | Cohort prospective (two years) | Patellar tendinopathy (JK) N = 96, A:34, 55 males, H = 171, W = 83 41 females, H = 159, W = 64 Activity: Running | -years of exposure: 10.0 ± 3.7 -sport hrs/week: 6.1 ± 0.7 | -no association between hours of training and JK (p > 0.05) |
Warden/2007/USA (Indianapolis) | Sport | Case control | N = 63, two groups; -symptomatic, 30: 20 males, 10 females, A = 27 ± 7, H = 177 ± 1, W = 80 ± 16 - a-symptomatic, 33: 22 males, 11 females, A = 25 ± 7, H = 177 ± 1, W = 72 ± 12 | Sport hrs/wk: Symptomatic group: 4.2 ± 2.7 A-symptomatic group: 3.4 ± 1.6 | -no significant difference in sport hours per week between symptomatic and a symptomatic group |