Table 1 Themes within the coding system for both student and teacher interviews

1

Summative assessment

Codes on the effect of summative assessment on students' learning

Provoking anxiety; stressful; sporadic reading; has no role; a waste of time; unfair; summative is mandatory and summative is fair

2

Formative assessment

Codes on the effect of formative assessment on students' learning. Codes on the role of educational culture in students' learning and teachers' assessments

Improve students' learning; affected by culture; time consuming; should not be overdone; fair; learning strategy improvement and problem identification. Formative assessment affected by culture; changing educational culture

3

Clinical attachment assessment (continuous assessment)

Codes on the effect of continuous assessment and its weight on students' learning

Should be given more weight; fair

4

Objectives

Codes on the effect of objective-directed assessment and constructive alignment on students' learning

Heavy; fair; content coverage; blueprinting; assessment weight