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Table 2 Univariable analyses of putative risk factors for Salmonella infections in children aged ≤ 10 years, assessed in a population-based case- control study, Michigan. 2007.

From: Case-control study of disease determinants for non-typhoidal Salmonella infections among Michigan children

Variables

Cases

n = 123

Controls

n = 139

Unadjusted MOR*

(95% CI**)

 

No.

(%)

No.

(%)

 

Household related variables

Number of people in household

     

   ≤ 4

82

(66.67)

77

(55.40)

Reference

   > 4

41

(33.33)

62

(44.60)

1.56 (0.94-2.59)

Number of children aged ≤10 years

     

   1

40

(35.52)

58

(41.73)

Reference

   2-3

73

(59.35)

72

(51.80)

1.47 (0.87-2.46)

   ≥ 3

10

(8.13)

9

(6.47)

1.53 (0.57-4.01)

Number of bedrooms

     

   > 3

36

(29.27)

67

(48.20)

Reference

   2-3

70

(56.91)

46

(33.09)

2.75 (1.59-4.78)

   ≤ 2

17

(13.82)

26

(18.71)

1.19 (0.57-2.47)

Family room flooring

     

   Wood

17

(13.82)

12

(8.63)

Reference

   Carpet

88

(71.54)

117

(84.17)

0.52 (0.24-1.14)

   Other and combination

18

(14.63)

10

(7.19)

1.26 (0.43-3.61)

Attend a daycare

     

   No

106

(86.18)

130

(93.53)

Reference

   Yes

17

(13.82)

9

(6.47)

2.28 (0.98-5.32)

Child attends school other than daycare

     

   No

69

(56.10)

72

(51.81)

Reference

   Yes

54

(43.92)

67

(48.20)

0.96 (0.49-1.90)

Food related exposures

Ate eggs/egg containing product

     

   No

44

(40.74)

60

(44.44)

Reference

   Yes

64

(59.26)

75

(55.56)

1.14 (0.65-1.98)

Ate poultry

     

   No

13

(11.30)

17

(12.50)

Reference

   Yes

78

(67.83)

95

(69.85)

1.07 (0.49-2.34)

Ate poultry at:

     

   Home

15

(41.67)

78

(56.52)

Reference

   Outside home at a restaurant

3

(8.33)

3

(2.17)

0.94 (0.35-2.55)

   Both home and outside home

4

(11.11)

10

(7.25)

3.37 (0.86-13.21)

Ate meat

     

   No

36

(30.51)

51

(37.78)

Reference

   Yes

58

(49.15)

60

(44.44)

1.31 (0.78-2.40)

Ate meat at:

     

   Home

9

(25.00)

46

(33.33)

Reference

   Outside home at a restaurant

2

(5.56)

6

(4.35)

1.05 (0.31-3.53)

   Both home and outside home

4

(11.11)

4

(2.90)

1.36 (0.32-5.20)

Univariable analysis

Cases

Controls

Un-adjusted MOR*

(95% CI**)

 

n = 123

(%)

n = 139

(%)

 

Drinking water source

     

   Bottled

25

(20.33)

38

27.34

Reference

   Municipal tap

73

(59.35)

81

(58.27)

1.01 (0.62-1.71)

   Private well water

25

(20.33)

20

(14.39)

1.542 (0.70-2.89)

Family Kitchen practices

Keeps eggs refrigerated

     

   Always

118

(95.93)

136

(97.84)

Reference

   Never or sometimes

5

(4.07)

3

(2.16)

1.92 (0.45-8.22)

Clean kitchen counters with

     

   Soap and disinfectant

45

(36.89)

70

(50.36)

Reference

   Soap and water only

26

(21.31)

25

(17.99)

1.56 (0.84-3.03)

   Disinfectant only

51

(41.80)

44

(31.65)

1.75 (1.01-3.04)

How often clean kitchen counter

     

   Daily

109

(90.08)

130

(93.53)

Reference

   More than once a week/once a

     

   Week/less than once a week

12

(9.92)

9

(6.47)

1.51 (0.61-3.73)

Other environmental exposure

Handled packages of raw meat/eggs while shopping with child

     

   Did not go to shopping with child

64

(52.03)

87

(62.59)

Reference

   Handled packages with plastic/gloves

15

(12.20)

16

(11.51)

1.26 (0.54-2.76)

   Handled packages without plastic/gloves

44

(35.77)

36

(25.90)

1.62 (0.94-2.90)

Contact with a person having GI upset

     

   No

96

(78.05)

123

(88.49)

Reference

   Yes

27

(21.95)

16

(11.51)

2.15 (1.10-4.21)

Contact with animal

     

   No contact with any animal

42

(34.15)

81

(58.27)

Reference

   Any animal contact

81

(65.85)

58

(41.73)

2.63 (1.59-4.34)

   Dogs

53

(43.09)

47

(33.81)

1.45 (0.88-2.39)

   Cats

35

(28.46)

21

(15.11)

2.23 (1.22-4.11)

   Reptiles

17

(13.82)

5

(3.60)

4.16 (1.49-11.62)

   Birds

4

(3.25)

1

(0.72)

4.57 (0.50-41.33)

   Hamster

1

(0.81)

2

(1.44)

0.68 (0.06-7.70)

Travel history

   No

90

(73.17)

106

(76.26)

Reference

   Yes

31

(25.20)

33

(23.74)

1.08 (0.61-1.91)

  1. *Matched Odds ratio calculated using conditional logistic regression, ** Confidence interval. All exposure data were gathered for during the 3 days of child's illness onset for cases and 3 days before the interview for controls.