Table 1 Mean scores and standard deviations of the Japanese version of the Resilience Scale (N = 430)

1. Follow through with plans

4.07

1.43

2. Manage one way or other

5.28

1.01

3. Able to depend on self more than anyone4.421.32

4.42

1.32

4. Keeping interested in things is important

5.65

1.07

5. I can be on my own if I have to

4.84

1.50

6. Proud that I have accomplished things

4.31

1.53

7. I take things in stride

4.45

1.40

8. I am friends with myself

4.50

1.45

9. I can handle many things at a time

3.36

1.48

10. I am determined

3.68

1.60

11. Seldom wonder what the point of it is

4.17

1.72

12. I take things one day at a time

4.31

1.45

13. I can get through difficult times

4.70

1.36

14. I have self-discipline

4.64

1.37

15. I keep interested in things

3.66

1.52

16. Find something to laugh about

4.85

1.43

17. My belief in myself gets me through

4.46

1.34

18. In an emergency, people can rely on me

3.88

1.43

19. Look at a situation in a number of ways

4.33

1.38

20. I make myself do things

4.81

1.35

21. My life has meaning

4.83

1.52

22. I do not dwell on things

4.03

1.79

23. I can find my way out of it

4.22

1.29

24. Have energy to do what I have to

4.85

1.28

25. It's okay if people don't like me

4.90

1.75

RS-14 (14 items)

63.78

13.03

RS (25 items)

111.19

19.47