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Table 2 The prevalence of emotional exhaustion by age, occupational class and psychosocial work factors (%)

From: Psychosocial work environment and emotional exhaustion among middle-aged employees

 

Symptoms of emotional exhaustion

 

Women

Men

 

No. of cases

%

No. of cases

%

Age (years)

    

40

172

19.3

37

19.2

45

187

19.4

45

21.0

50

213

22.4

47

20.5

55

296

26.8

55

19.4

60

127

25.0

35

21.2

  

***

 

Ns.

Occupational class

    

Unskilled manuals

89

22.4

28

15.8

Skilled manuals

30

23.3

12

12.4

Routine non-manuals

349

18.8

21

19.1

Semi-professionals

205

24.3

44

19.2

Professionals

242

26.7

59

21.2

Managers

80

28.6

55

28.5

  

***

 

Ns.

Job control

    

High

252

20.6

62

20.7

Rather high

205

18.9

57

18.1

Rather low

214

19.8

38

17.9

Low

324

31.6

62

24.0

  

***

 

Ns.

Organizational justice

    

High

145

13.8

27

12.5

Rather high

228

17.6

56

15.8

Rather low

267

23.4

53

19.2

Low

355

38.4

83

35.0

  

***

 

***

Bullying at workplace

    

Not at all

243

15.7

66

14.4

Sometimes

538

23.8

100

20.3

Repeatedly

159

43.7

34

42.5

Don't know

55

22.8

19

34.5

  

***

 

***

Total N

4674

 

1145

 
  1. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (χ2test).