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Table 3 Credibility ratings by conflict-of-interest condition.*

From: Knowledge of ghostwriting and financial conflicts-of-interest reduces the perceived credibility of biomedical research

Outcome Variable

No COI (n = 24)

COI Present (n = 26)

Difference (95% CI)†

Truthful

5.12 ±1.67

3.15 ± 1.41

 

Accurate

4.83 ±1.46

2.96 ± 1.48

 

Credible

4.46 ±1.44

2.5 ± 1.63

 

Honest

5.0 ±1.67

2.81 ± 1.79

 

Sincere

4.75 ±1.60

3.23 ± 1.75

 

Overall Credibility (Scale Total)

24.17 ±6.91

14.65 ± 7.0

11.00 (6.99-15.00)‡

  1. * Values are presented as means ± Standard Deviation. COI = Conflict-of-interest, CI = Confidence Interval.
  2. †as calculated through nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test
  3. ‡p < .001; Cohen's d = 1.4, calculated by subtracting the COI present group mean from the No COI group and dividing by the pooled standard deviation.
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