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Table 2 Frequency of kdr alleles in Anopheles gambiae s

From: Kdr-based insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s populations in Cameroon: spread of the L1014F and L1014S mutations

An. gambiae s.s

Geographic area

Locality

N

Allelic frequencies (%)

FIS

p(HW)

    

f (1014L)[95%CI]

f (1014F)[95%CI]

f (1014S)[95%CI]

  

M-form

Forest area

Ngousso

57

98.2 [95.5-100]

1.7 [0-4.5]

0

- 0.009

0.991

  

Nkolbikon

22

90.9 [79.2-100]

6.8 [0-18.2]

2.3 [0-7.5]

-

-

 

Coastal area

Ipono

22

100

0

0

-

-

  

Campo

37

100

0

0

-

-

  

Kribi

62

95.2 [91.2-98.4]

4.8 [1.5-8.8]

0

- 0.043

0.877

  

Bonamikengué

64

100

0

0

-

-

  

Bonanloka

38

100

0

0

-

-

  

Bonanjo

61

81.9 [73.8-89.5]

18.0 [10.5-26.2]

0

+ 0.342

0.027

  

Bonassama

74

87.2 [80.4-93.2]

12.8 [6.8-19.6]

0

+0.462

0.011

  

Loum

77

100

0

0

-

-

  

Tiko

47

94.7 [90-98.9]

5.3 [1.1-10]

0

- 0.045

0.911

  

Idénau

18

91.7 [83.3-100]

8.3 [0-16.7]

0

-

-

S-form

Forest area

Ngousso

6

16.7 [0-50]

75.0 [35.7-100]

8.3 [0-25]

-

-

  

Nkolondom

64

35.9 [25.8-46.1]

60.2 [50-70.3]

3.9 [0.8-8.6]

+0.452

0.005

  

Dabadi

72

39.6 [31.9-47.9]

46.5 [38.2-54.2]

13.9 [8.3-19.4]

- 0.001

0.583

  

Italie

75

25.3 [19.3-32.0]

62.7 [55.33-70]

12.0 [7.3-17.3]

- 0.103

0.172

  

Nkolbikon

55

32.7 [24.1-41.2]

60.9 [51.7-70.2]

6.4 [2.5-11.2]

+ 0.019

0.538

 

Coastal area

Ipono

14

71.4 [54.2-87.5]

25.0 [11.5-38.2]

3.6 [0-11.5]

-

-

  

Campo

39

60.2 [47.1-73.3]

29.5 [17.9-41.9]

10.3 [3.6-18.2]

+ 0.346

0.005

  

Kribi

11

36.4 [13.6-60]

54.5 [33.3-75]

9.1 [0-22.2]

-

-

  

Bonamikengué

4

100

0

0

-

-

  

Bonanloka

24

89.6 [78.6-98.1]

10.4 [1.9-21.4]

0

-

-

  

Bonanjo

2

25.0 [0-50]

75.0 [0-100]

0

-

-

  

Tiko

18

97.2 [90.6-100]

2.8 [0-9.4]

0

-

-

 

Highland area

Mangoum

76

0.6 [0-1.9]

84.9 [79.6-90.1]

14.5 [9.2-19.7]

+0.001

0.577

  

Makoutchietoum

77

0.6 [0-1.9]

88.3 [83.8-92.9]

11.0 [6.5-15.6]

-0.1350

0.250

  

Magba

62

57.3 [47.6-66.9]

37.9 [29.8-46.8]

4.8 [1.6-8.9]

+0.088

0.161

 

Northern savannah area

Tibati

50

91.0 [83-97]

9.0 [3-17]

0

+0.631

0.005

  

Ngaoundéré

16

78.1 [56.2-93.7]

18.7 [3.1-37.5]

3.1 [0-9.4]

-

-

  

Pitoa

4

100

0

0

-

-

  1. f(): frequency of the allele (in %); [95%CI]: 95% confidence interval; N: number of mosquitoes; p(HW): probability of the exact test for goodness of fit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; in bold: Significant value (p(HW)<0.05, single test level); Fis is calculated according to Weir and Cockerham, 1984. Positive Fis indicates a deficit of heterozygotes and negative Fis indicates an excess of heterozygotes; -: not determined because no polymorphism observed and/or N < 30.