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Table 3 Pattern indicators

From: Developing indicators of pattern identification in patients with stroke using traditional Korean medicine

Number

Item

 

Pattern Indicator

Freq. (%)

1

body type

 

underweight

35 (23.8)

   

overweight

36 (24.48)

2

headache

time

severe and sudden headache

5 (3.4)

   

old headache

14 (9.52)

   

continuous pain

20 (13.6)

  

site

headache in the whole head

22 (14.96)

   

site-fixed headache

8 (5.44)

   

radiating headache

3 (2.04)

  

aspect

severe and seems to be bursting

4 (2.72)

   

tightened feeling

8 (5.44)

   

headache with a pulling sensation

5 (3.4)

   

deterioration of headache by fatigue

5 (3.4)

   

hot head

3 (2.04)

   

headache with anger

5 (3.4)

   

heavy-headedness

25 (17)

   

an unpleasant sensation with an urge to vomit and pain in the head

6 (4.08)

   

un-refreshed head

29 (19.72)

   

headache accompanied by stabbing pain

5 (3.4)

   

headache accompanied by empty pain

6 (4.08)

   

headache accompanied by a hot flush

3 (2.04)

3

dizziness

 

severe and accompanied nausea and vomiting

6 (4.08)

   

slight dizziness

41 (27.89)

4

facial complexion

 

reddened complexion

37 (25.17)

   

dark face discoloration

36 (24.48)

   

black face with black eyelids

21 (14.28)

   

white complexion

23 (15.64)

   

pale face and red zygomatic site

20 (13.6)

5

eye's abnormal condition

 

red eyes

31 (21.08)

   

purpura in the sclera

4 (2.72)

   

dry eyes

11 (7.48)

   

excessive gum in the corner of the eye

11 (7.48)

6

tinnitus

 

tinnitus is incidental

1 (0.68)

   

tinnitus is continuous

4 (2.72)

   

tinnitus is intermittent

7 (4.76)

7

tongue and mouth

 

bitter taste in the mouth

45 (30.61)

   

thirst in the mouth

48 (32.65)

   

aphta and tongues sores

4 (2.72)

   

excessive saliva in the mouth

17 (11.56)

   

cyanotic lips

17 (11.56)

   

dry mouth

77 (52.38)

   

fetid mouth odor

26 (17.68)

8

sputum

 

sticky sputum

18 (12.24)

   

phlegm rale

32 (21.76)

9

oppression in the chest

 

heat vexation in the chest

10 (6.8)

   

feeling of oppression in the chest

21 (14.28)

   

bloated feeling in the chest and hypochondriac region

1 (0.68)

10

palpitations and fearful throbbing

 

palpitations and shortness of breath

(0)

   

palpitation with anxiety or discomfort

(0)

11

abdomen

 

tenderness and fever in abdominal diagnosis

6 (4.08)

   

sounds heard in abdominal diagnosis

17 (11.56)

   

tenderness of the lower abdomen and accompanied pain

22 (14.96)

   

mass in the abdomen

6 (4.08)

   

no resistance to touch of the abdomen

44 (29.93)

   

tension is felt when pressing the abdomen

40 (27.21)

12

skin

 

burning skin sensation

7 (4.76)

   

attachment sensation of derma

18 (12.24)

   

purpura

7 (4.76)

   

feeling like insects' crawling

7 (4.76)

   

feeling chilly on the skin

16 (10.88)

   

dry skin

31 (21.08)

13

palm and sole

 

vexing heat in the extremities

14 (9.52)

   

a subjective heaviness sensation of the body

76 (51.7)

   

a pronounced cold in the extremities up to the knees and elbows or beyond

26 (17.68)

   

a lack of physical strength in the four extremities

75 (51.02)

   

heat in the palms and soles

20 (13.6)

14

digestion

 

stomach feels full

19 (12.92)

   

feeling gastric reflux

9 (6.12)

   

excessive appetite with increased food intake and

recurrence of hunger sensation shortly after eating

4 (2.72)

   

an unpleasant sensation with an urge to vomit

17 (11.56)

   

loss of appetite

41 (27.89)

15

feces

 

hardened feces difficult to evacuate

36 (24.48)

   

discharge of soft, unformed stools: a loose stool

7 (4.76)

16

urine

 

dark yellow or reddish urine

49 (33.33)

   

a high volume of transparent urine

(0)

   

failure of voluntary control of urination

49 (33.33)

17

sleeping

 

inability to sleep well due to fever and oppression

10 (6.8)

   

excessive sleepiness night and day

4 (2.72)

   

inability to sleep or abnormal wakefulness: insomnia

7 (4.76)

   

inability to sleep due to anxiety

9 (6.12)

18

heat condition

 

high fever

34 (23.12)

   

tidal fever

4 (2.72)

19

sweat

 

profuse sweating with fever: sweating when having fever

38 (25.85)

   

lack of physical strength, excessive sweating during the daytime with no apparent cause, such as physical exertion, hot weather, thick clothing or medication

24 (16.32)

   

night sweating

21 (14.28)

20

vocal sound energy

 

inclined to speak or speaking at a high volume

58 (39.45)

   

disinclined to speak or speaking at a low volume

37 (25.17)

21

tongue

 

a larger than normal tongue, pale in color and

delicate, usually bearing dental indentations on the

margin-enlarged tongue

9 (6.12)

   

a tongue with dental indentations on its margin: a teeth-marked tongue

40 (27.21)

   

a tongue thinner than normal

11 (7.48)

   

a tongue redder than normal, indicating the presence of

heat

56 (38.09)

   

a tongue with thorn-like protrusions on the surface

10 (6.8)

   

a cyanotic tongue, indicating blood stasis or heat toxin in the nutrient-blood

17 (11.56)

   

a tongue with red, white or black spots as well as thorn-like protrusions on its surface

9 (6.12)

   

a tongue less red than normal, indicating qi and blood deficiency or the presence of cold deficiency

74 (50.34)

   

dry tongue

25 (17)

   

mirror tongue

17 (11.56)

   

thin fur

76 (51.7)

   

thick fur

26 (17.68)

   

tongue coating white in color

67 (45.57)

   

tongue coating yellow in color

41 (27.89)

   

tongue coating black in color

1 (0.68)

22

pulse

 

floating pulse

26 (17.68)

   

sunken pulse

33 (22.44)

   

slow pulse

15 (10.2)

   

rapid pulse

13 (8.84)

   

strong purse

26 (17.68)

   

weak purse

28 (19.04)

   

string-like pulse

27 (18.36)

   

slippery pulse

33 (22.44)

   

fine pulse

20 (13.6)

   

rough pulse

2 (1.36)