Table 2 Patient characteristics and results (n = 50). A Summary of clinical and histopathological data. B Complications (grade according to the Clavien classification of surgical complications [[15]]). C Variables used on univarate analysis. D Prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards regression model).
A Summary of clinical and histopathological data | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Entire Group (n = 50) | Pat. without Metastases (n = 29/58%) | Pat. with Metastases (n = 21/42%) | p-value for difference |
Sex | ||||
Female | 14 (28%) | 12 (41%) | 2 (9.5%) | p = 0.0094 |
Male | 36 (72%) | 17 (59%) | 19 (90%) | |
Laterality | ||||
Left | 12 (24%) | 4 (14%) | 8 (38%) | p = 0.047 |
Right | 38 (76%) | 25 (87%) | 13 (62%) | |
Symptomatic | 35 (70%) | 18 (62%) | 17 (81%) | |
Gross hematuria | 14 (28%) | 9 (31%) | 5 (24%) | |
Flank or abdominal pain | 11 (22%) | 5 (17%) | 6 (29%) | |
Edema lower limbs | 3 (6%) | 1 (3,5%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
Pulmonary embolism | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.7%) | p = 0.84 |
Systemic symptoms (lost of weight, night sweat, anemia, etc.) | 9 (18%) | 4 (14%) | 5 (24%) | |
Tumor Grade | ||||
G1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
G2 | 32 (64%) | 22 (76%) | 10 (48%) | p = 0.04 |
G3 | 18 (36%) | 7 (24%) | 11 (52%) | |
G4 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Histological Type | ||||
Clear cell | 39 (78%) | 22 (76%) | 17 (59%) | |
Papillary | 7 (14%) | 4 (14%) | 3 (14%) | p = 0.95 |
Sarcomatoid | 2 (4%) | 1 (3,5%) | 1 (4,7%) | |
Others | 2 (4%) | 2 (7%) | 0 (0%) | |
T stage | ||||
T3b | 39 (78%) | 21 (72%) | 18 (86%) | p = 0.12 |
T3c | 10 (20%) | 8 (28%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
T4 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
N stage | ||||
N0 | 38 (76%) | 23 (79%) | 15 (71%) | |
N1 | 4 (8%) | 4 (14%) | 0 (0%) | p = 0.018 |
N2 | 8 (16%) | 2 (7%) | 6 (29%) | |
Level of Tumor Thrombus | ||||
Level I | 5 (10%) | 3 (10%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
Level II | 16 (32%) | 11 (38%) | 5 (24%) | p = 0.093 |
Level III | 19 (38%) | 7 (24% | 12 (57%) | |
Level IV | 10 (20%) | 8 (28%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
Infiltration of IVC | ||||
yes | 14 (28%) | 10 (35%) | 4 (19%) | p = 0.22 |
no | 36 (72%) | 19 (65%) | 17 (81%) | |
Infiltration of perinephritic tissue | ||||
yes | 29 (58%) | 12 (41%) | 17 (81%) | p = 0.013 |
no | 21 (42%) | 17 (59%) | 4 (19%) | |
B Complications (grade according to the Clavien classification of surgical complications [15]) | ||||
Complications | Grade | n | % | Management |
Acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage | IV | 3 | 6% | Relaparotomy |
Pericardial Effusion | II | 1 | 2% | Conservatively |
Postop. Hematoma/wound infection | II | 2 | 4% | Conservatively |
Ileus | II | 1 | 2% | Conservatively |
Total | 7 | 14% | ||
C Variables used on univarate analysis | ||||
Prognostic factor | p-value (univariate analysis) | |||
pT | p = 0.99 | |||
pN | p = 0.00007 | |||
M | p = 0.026 | |||
R | p = 0.19 | |||
Histology | p = 0.11 | |||
Grading | p = 0.042 | |||
Infiltration perirenal tissue | p = 0.035 | |||
Infiltration wall vena cava | p = 0.012 | |||
Age | p = 0.28 | |||
Size of tumor | p = 0.019 | |||
Level of tumor thrombus (Mayo) | p = 0.31 | |||
Extracorporal circulation | p = 0.4 | |||
Hemoglobin | p = 0.3 | |||
Thrombocytes | p = 0.18 | |||
Ca | p = 0.9 | |||
LDH | p = 0.48 | |||
CRP | p = 0.014 | |||
Alcalic phosphatase | p = 0.076 | |||
Age | p = 0.28 | |||
Adjuvant Treatment | p = 0.15 | |||
D Prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards regression model) | ||||
Prognostic factor | p-value (multivariate analysis) | |||
Grading | p = 0.021 | |||
Distant Metastasis | p = 0.00091 | |||
Lymph node invasion | p = 0.000003 | |||