From: Health care expenditure for hospital-based delivery care in Lao PDR
 | Mode of delivery | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
 | Vaginal delivery n (%) | Caesarean section n (%) |  |
Demographic and socio-economic characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
Hospital | Â | Â | 0.07 |
   A | 234 (45.5) | 39 (58.2) |  |
   B | 280 (54.5) | 28 (41.8) |  |
Age (years) | Â | Â | 0.23 |
   < 20 | 68 (13.2) | 4 (6.0) |  |
   20-34 | 408 (79.4) | 58 (86.6) |  |
   ≥ 35 | 38 (7.4) | 5 (7.4) |  |
Religion | Â | Â | 1.00 |
   Buddhist | 489 (95.1) | 65 (97.0) |  |
   Christian | 7 (1.4) | 0 |  |
   Animist | 18 (3.5) | 2 (3.0) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | 0.56 |
   Laolum | 487 (94.7) | 65 (97.0) |  |
   Other | 27 (5.3) | 2 (3.0) |  |
Education | Â | Â | 0.21 |
   Primary school or lower | 198 (38.5) | 20 (29.9) |  |
   Secondary school or higher | 316 (61.5) | 47 (70.1) |  |
Occupation | Â | Â | 0.28 |
   Housewife | 175 (34.1) | 18 (26.9) |  |
   Government officer | 87 (16.9) | 15 (23.9) |  |
   Merchant | 89 (17.3) | 16 (22.4) |  |
   Farmer | 163 (31.7) | 18 (26.8) |  |
   Husband's occupation |  |  | 0.08 |
   Government officer | 181 (35.2) | 33 (49.3) |  |
   Merchant | 35 (6.8) | 3 (4.5) |  |
   Farmer | 298 (58.0) | 31 (46.3) |  |
Monthly family income (USD) | Â | Â | 0.11 |
   Median (IQR) | 97.5 (50,145) | 120 (57.5,200) |  |
Obstetric characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
Gravidity | Â | Â | 0.04 |
   Primigravida | 258 (50.2) | 43 (64.2) |  |
   Multigravida | 256 (49.8) | 24 (35.8) |  |
Parity | Â | Â | 0.11 |
   0 | 258 (50.2) | 44 (65.7) |  |
   1-2 | 206 (40.1) | 20 (29.8) |  |
   3-4 | 40 (7.8) | 2 (3.0) |  |
   > 4 | 10 (1.9) | 1 (1.5) |  |
Pregnancy complications | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
   No | 466 (90.7) | 51 (76.1) |  |
   Yes | 48 (9.3) | 16 (23.9) |  |
Delivery complications | Â | Â | 0.01 |
   No | 507 (98.6) | 62 (92.5) |  |
   Yes | 7 (1.4) | 5 (7.5) |  |