Figure 1From: Designing universal primers for the isolation of DNA sequences encoding Proanthocyanidins biosynthetic enzymes in Crataegus aroniaSemi-quantitative RT-PCR expression patterns of the PAs biosynthesis genes: ANR, ANS, 4-CL, CHI, CHS , DFR , LAR , F3H and PAL in Crataegus aronia callus (C), apple (A), strawberry (S) and peach (P). Amplification products were separated on a 1% agarose gel. The primers combinations for each gene are indicated in additional file4.Back to article page