Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS) of patients with unfavorable cancer of unknown primary site (n = 179)

Age, years

   < 65

60

5.33

.309

   ≥ 65

119

6.47

Gender

   Male

128

5.63

.467

   Female

51

6.47

Performance status

   0-1

86

13.37

< .001

   2-4

93

3.47

Body mass index

   < 24

83

5.33

.223

   ≥ 24

53

11.8

Histology

   Adenocarcinoma

71

4.47

.402

   Carcinoma, unspecified

83

6.47

   Squamous cell carcinoma

6

59.7

   Others

19

11.1

Histologic grade

   Poorly differentiated or Undifferentiated

31

7.03

.869

   Unspecified

148

5.63

Liver metastases

   Yes

80

5.1

.236

   No

99

7.7

Lung metastases

   Yes

87

4.43

.005

   No

92

9.2

Bone metastases

   Yes

74

5.33

.255

   No

105

6.43

Lymph node metastases

   Yes

107

6.17

.658

   No

72

6.47

No. of metastatic organs

   1

40

18.07

.028

   ≥ 2

139

5.33

Radiotherapy

   Yes

52

11.1

.105

   No

127

5.07

Chemotherapy

   Yes

118

9.2

< .001

   No

61

1.63

Albumin

   < 3.5 g/dl

66

2.77

< .001

   ≥ 3.5 g/dl

113

11.1

Estimated creatinine clearance

   < 60 ml/min

75

6.43

.806

   ≥ 60 ml/min

74

6.17

Corrected Ca level

   < 10.7 mg/dl

171

6.47

.006

   ≥ 10.7 mg/dl

6

0.57

Lactate dehydrogenase

   < 250 U/L

76

10.67

.001

   ≥ 250 U/L

102

3.67

Na

   < 135 mmol/l

55

2.07

< .001

   ≥ 135 mmol/l

124

9.0

Cholesterol

   < 150 mg/dl

56

4.07

.014

   ≥ 150 mg/dl

110

9.2

Alkaline phosphatase

   < 100 U/L

80

7.03

.569

   ≥ 100 U/L

99

5.63

WBC count (× 10³ cells/μL)

   < 10.0

124

10.27

< .001

   > 10.0

55

3.23

Lymphocyte count

   < 700/μL

17

2.67

.003

   ≥ 700/μL

162

7.03

Hemoglobin level

   < 11 g/dl

67

5.33

.091

   ≥ 11 g/dl

112

7.73

Platelet count

   < 150 × 10⁹/L

33

4.87

.82

   ≥ 150 × 10⁹/L

146

6.43