From: Visibility of retractions: a cross-sectional one-year study
Total | Mistakes | Plagiarism | Fraud | Overlap | Not detailed | Authorship | Inconsistent data | Property or legal concerns | Editor | Ethics | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 235 | 65 | 48 | 34 | 25 | 21 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 3 |
USA | 52 | 31 (48) | 2 (4) | 3 (9) | 5 (20) | 4 (19) | 1 (8) | 3 (27) | 2 (25) | 1 (13) | . |
India | 35 | 2 (3) | 6 (13) | 15 (44) | 8 (32) | 1 (5) | 1 (8) | 1 (9) | . | 1 (13) | . |
China | 29 | 7 (11) | 10 (21) | . | 2 (8) | 3 (14) | 3 (25) | 1 (9) | 2 (25) | 1 (13) | . |
Japan | 25 | 3 (5) | 2 (4) | 12 (35) | 2 (8) | 2 (10) | . | 2 (18) | . | . | 2 (67) |
United Kingdom | 11 | 3 (5) | 4 (8) | 1 (3) | . | 2 (10) | . | 1 (9) | . | . | . |
Korea | 11 | 5 (8) | . | 1 (3) | . | 1 (5) | . | . | 2 (25) | 2 (25) | . |