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Table 2 Reasons for retraction ranked according to countries with at least 10 retractions in 2008

From: Visibility of retractions: a cross-sectional one-year study

 

Total

Mistakes

Plagiarism

Fraud

Overlap

Not detailed

Authorship

Inconsistent data

Property or legal concerns

Editor

Ethics

Total

235

65

48

34

25

21

12

11

8

8

3

USA

52

31 (48)

2 (4)

3 (9)

5 (20)

4 (19)

1 (8)

3 (27)

2 (25)

1 (13)

.

India

35

2 (3)

6 (13)

15 (44)

8 (32)

1 (5)

1 (8)

1 (9)

.

1 (13)

.

China

29

7 (11)

10 (21)

.

2 (8)

3 (14)

3 (25)

1 (9)

2 (25)

1 (13)

.

Japan

25

3 (5)

2 (4)

12 (35)

2 (8)

2 (10)

.

2 (18)

.

.

2 (67)

United Kingdom

11

3 (5)

4 (8)

1 (3)

.

2 (10)

.

1 (9)

.

.

.

Korea

11

5 (8)

.

1 (3)

.

1 (5)

.

.

2 (25)

2 (25)

.

  1. Values are n (column percentage). Column percentage = number of given reason in a country/ total for this reason; allowing to see which countries contribute the most to each reason.
  2. The column percentages do not add to 100% because some countries were not reported in the table.