Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status of study population according to place of residence
Parameters | Total (n = 300) | Rural (n = 150) | Urban (n = 150) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mothers characteristics | ||||
Age (years)* | 30.0 ± 5.6 | 29.6 ± 6.1 | 30.4 ± 5.6 | 0.186 |
Family setting | 0.001 | |||
Monogamy | 265 (88.3) | 119 (79.3) | 146 (97.3) | |
Polygamy | 35 (11.7) | 31 20.7) | 4 (2.7) | |
Parity | 0.001 | |||
1 | 83 (27.7) | 24 (16.0) | 59 (39.3) | |
2 | 183 (61.0) | 101 (67.3) | 82 (54.7) | |
5 – 7 | 34 (11.3) | 25 (16.7) | 9 (6.0) | |
Age at first birth | 0.001 | |||
15 – 19 | 29 (9.7) | 22 (14.7) | 7 (4.7) | |
20 – 24 | 127 (42.3) | 77 (51.3) | 50 (33.6) | |
25 – 29 | 96 (32.0) | 41 (27.3) | 55 (36.9) | |
30 – 34 | 37 (12.3) | 5 (3.3) | 32 (21.3) | |
35 - 39 | 8 (2.7) | 3 (2.0) | 5 (3.4) | |
Educational level of mother | 0.001 | |||
No formal education | 4 (1.3) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (0.7) | |
Primary | 72 (24.0) | 55 (36.7) | 17 (11.3) | |
Secondary | 155 (51.7) | 79 (52.7) | 76 (50.7) | |
Postsecondary | 69 (23.0) | 13 (8.7) | 56 (37.3) | |
Social class ♯ | 0.001 | |||
Upper | 19 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (12.7) | |
Middle | 50 (16.7) | 15 (10.0) | 35 (23.3) | |
Lower | 231 (77.0) | 135 (90.0) | 96 (64.0) | |
Height, less than 152 cm | 27 (9.0) | 11 (7.3) | 16 (10.7) | 0.313 |
BMI (kg/m 2 )* | 24.9 ± 5.0 | 24.4 ± 5.0 | 29.4 ± 4.9 | 0.092 |
Undernutrition, BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 | 20 (6.7) | 16 (10.7) | 4 (2.7) | 0.014† |
Children characteristics | ||||
Age (months)* | 25.3 ± 16.4 | 31.3 ± 16.4 | 19.3 ± 4.0 | 0.001 |
Sex | 0.248 | |||
Male | 142 (47.3) | 66 (44.0) | 76 (50.7) | |
Female | 158 (52.7) | 84 (56.0) | 74 (49.3) | |
Birth order | 0.000 | |||
1 | 118 (39.3) | 39 (26.0) | 79 (52.7) | |
2-4 | 161 (53.6) | 97 (64.7) | 64 (42.7) | |
5 – 7 | 21 (7.0) | 14 (9.3) | 7 (4.7) | |
Weight-for-age z score, < -2 SD | 43 (14.3) | 29 (19.4) | 14 (9.3) | 0.001 |
Height-for-Age z score, < -2 SD | 84 (28.0) | 65 (43.3) | 19 (12.6) | 0.001 |
Weight-for-height z score, < -2 SD | 31 (8.3) | 18 (12.0) | 13 (8.7) | 0.118 |