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Table 1 The associations between characteristics in patients with diabetes mellitus and the presence of antibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in serum

From: Antibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with lower body weight and autonomic neuropathy

 

Patients

GnRH IgM −/+

GnRH IgG −/+

 

(N = 39)

OR, 95% CI

OR, 95% CI

Age (years)

52.4 ± 12.5

1.469 (0.927-1.034)

0.019 (0.964–1.127)

Gender (Female/male) n (%)

27(69)/12(31)

1.696 (0.413-1.976)

2.667 (0.452–15.722)

Type of diabetes (1/2)

36/3

1.00 (0.082–12.164)

3.100 (0.235–40.895)

Duration of the disease (years)

26.3 ± 13.1

0.654 (0.940–1.042)

0.048 (0.974–1.126)

BMI (kg/m2)

26.5 ± 5.8

0.835 (0.699–0.998)

1.103 (0.958–1.269)

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

65.9 ± 9.9

0.983 (0.917–1.053)

0.968 (0.880–1.063)

Esophageal dysmotility n (%)

No (reference)

12 (31)

1.000

1.000

Yes

27 (69)

0.589 (0.143–2.424)

2.500 (0.259–24.096)

Gastric dysmotility n (%)

No (reference)

32 (82)

1.000

-

Yes

7 (18)

3.407 (0.633–18.35)

-

Retinopathy n (%)

No (reference)

11 (28)

1.000

1.000

Yes

28 (72)

0.829 (0.192–3.577)

2.174 (0.224–21.079)

Angiopathy n (%)

No (reference)

26 (67)

1.000

1.000

Yes

13 (33)

0.480 (0.106–2.179)

0.350 (0.036–3.358)

Microalbuminuria n (%)

No (reference)

35 (90)

-

1.000

Yes

4 (10)

-

7.750 (0.842–71.314)

Macroalbuminuria n (%)

No (reference)

36 (92)

1.000

1.000

Yes

3 (8)

4.545 (0.372–55.542)

3.100 (0.235–40.895)

Autonomic neuropathy n (%)

No (reference)

29 (74)

1.000

1.000

Yes

10 (26)

1.481 (0.334–6.572)

9.000 (1.327–61.025)

Peripheral neuropathy n (%)

No (reference)

20 (51)

1.000

1.000

Yes

19 (49)

0.857 (0.226–3.254)

1.062 (0.187–6.052)

  1. BMI Body mass index, HbA1c Glycosylated hemoglobin. Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or n (%). OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, - = calculations not possible to carry out due to a low number of patients. In the statistical calculations, patients were divided into those with and without (reference) antibodies.