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Table 2 Pre-delivery characteristics of study participants and infant outcomes at birth by maternal HIV-status

From: Predictors of fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia among newborns of HIV-positive mothers

Mother

HIV+

HIV-

Chi square

p value

Maternal anemia

232 (78.7)

350 (51.6)

0.368

0.832

Maternal malaria

60 (20.3)

91 (12.8)

5.645

0.018

Married or cohabiting

363 (82.5)

476 (66.7)

34.390

<0.001

Up to 9 years of formal education

236 (53.6)

525 (73.8)

49.521

<0.001

Rural residence

333 (75.7)

431 (60.5)

27.937

<0.001

19 years or younger

20 (4.5)

94 (13.2)

37.734

<0.001

20-24 years

85 (19.3)

191 (26.8)

  

25 years or older

335 (76.1)

427 (60.0)

  

First trimester

35 (8.0)

73 (10.3)

5.938

0.051

Second trimester

184 (41.8)

329 (46.5)

  

Third trimester

221 (50.2)

305 (43.1)

  

Primigravid

129 (29.3)

228 (32.0)

5.509

0.064

Secundigravid

157 (35.7)

207 (29.1)

  

Multigravid

154 (35.0)

277 (38.9)

  

Nulliparous

9 (2.9)

273 (38.9)

156.332

<0.001

Primiparous

173 (55.6)

183 (26.1)

  

Secundiparous

73 (23.5)

138 (19.7)

  

Multiparous

56 (18.0)

107 (15.3)

  

CD4-count at recruitment < 350 cells/mm3

133 (45.1)

-

-

-

CD4-count at recruitment < 200 cells/mm3

78 (26.4)

-

-

-

Infant

    

Anemia (Hb < 12.5 g/dL)

169 (57.3)

319 (71.7)

16.374

<0.001

Female sex,

121 (41.0))

256 (54.4)

12.924

0.002

Preterm delivery

72 (24.4)

67 (14.5)

11.77

0.003

Low birth weight 1

63 (21.4)

67 (14.7)

7.071

0.029

Cord malaria present

72 (24.4)

52 (11.7)

20.950

<0.001