From: Predictors of fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia among newborns of HIV-positive mothers
Mother | HIV+ | HIV- | Chi square | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal anemia | 232 (78.7) | 350 (51.6) | 0.368 | 0.832 |
Maternal malaria | 60 (20.3) | 91 (12.8) | 5.645 | 0.018 |
Married or cohabiting | 363 (82.5) | 476 (66.7) | 34.390 | <0.001 |
Up to 9 years of formal education | 236 (53.6) | 525 (73.8) | 49.521 | <0.001 |
Rural residence | 333 (75.7) | 431 (60.5) | 27.937 | <0.001 |
19 years or younger | 20 (4.5) | 94 (13.2) | 37.734 | <0.001 |
20-24 years | 85 (19.3) | 191 (26.8) | Â | Â |
25 years or older | 335 (76.1) | 427 (60.0) | Â | Â |
First trimester | 35 (8.0) | 73 (10.3) | 5.938 | 0.051 |
Second trimester | 184 (41.8) | 329 (46.5) | Â | Â |
Third trimester | 221 (50.2) | 305 (43.1) | Â | Â |
Primigravid | 129 (29.3) | 228 (32.0) | 5.509 | 0.064 |
Secundigravid | 157 (35.7) | 207 (29.1) | Â | Â |
Multigravid | 154 (35.0) | 277 (38.9) | Â | Â |
Nulliparous | 9 (2.9) | 273 (38.9) | 156.332 | <0.001 |
Primiparous | 173 (55.6) | 183 (26.1) | Â | Â |
Secundiparous | 73 (23.5) | 138 (19.7) | Â | Â |
Multiparous | 56 (18.0) | 107 (15.3) | Â | Â |
CD4-count at recruitment < 350 cells/mm3 | 133 (45.1) | - | - | - |
CD4-count at recruitment < 200 cells/mm3 | 78 (26.4) | - | - | - |
Infant | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Anemia (Hb < 12.5 g/dL) | 169 (57.3) | 319 (71.7) | 16.374 | <0.001 |
Female sex, | 121 (41.0)) | 256 (54.4) | 12.924 | 0.002 |
Preterm delivery | 72 (24.4) | 67 (14.5) | 11.77 | 0.003 |
Low birth weight 1 | 63 (21.4) | 67 (14.7) | 7.071 | 0.029 |
Cord malaria present | 72 (24.4) | 52 (11.7) | 20.950 | <0.001 |