Figure 2
Cytokine release (pg/ml) from adult PBMCs following stimulation with live, killed or cryopreserved bacteria. Adult PBMCs were stimulated for 24 h with 1 × 107 bacteria/ml of live, frozen 1 week (fzn 1wk), frozen 4 weeks (fzn 4wk), heat-killed (HK) or ethanol-killed (EK) S. pneumoniae and nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The horizontal bars depict the median cytokine level for each treatment group (n = 5), * = P < 0.05 when compared with live or frozen bacteria.