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Table 2 Parameters in whole group (n = 12) and those with ECG measurements (n = 9)

From: Increased heart rate variability but no effect on blood pressure from 8 weeks of hatha yoga – a pilot study

Parameters

Before/Baseline (n = 12)

After 8 weeks’ yoga (n =12)

P-value (ES)

Before/Baseline (n = 9)

After 8 weeks’ yoga (n = 9)

P-value (ES)

Age (y)

49.6 ± 6.2

-

-

50.1 ± 4.8

-

-

Height (m)

1.76 ± 0.08

  

1.77 ± 0.09

 

-

Male

8

  

6

  

Women

4

  

3

  

Weight (kg)

80.0 ± 11.9

80.6 ± 12.0

0.22

84.9 ± 11.9

85.4 ± 12.1

0.39

Maximal Handgrip/kg

36.6 ± 8.6

39.0 ± 10.0

0.12 (ES: 0.28)

38.1 ± 9.4

42.5 ± 10.8

0.02* (ES: 0.46)

Waist : hip ratio

0.87 ± 0.08

0.87 ± 0.08

1.0

0.88 ± 0.08

0.88 ± 0.08

0.67

BMI (kg/m2)

26.0 ± 3.7

26.2 ± 3.8

0.23

27.1 ± 3.6

27.3 ± 3.9

0.38

BP mean from left and right arm Systolic/Diastolic (mm Hg)

123.3 ± 12.4 79.8 ± 6.3 Md 119.3 80.8

124.1 ± 11.7 82.2 ± 7.6 Md 120.0 83.0

0.62 0.18

123.3 ± 13.2 79 ± 7.4 Md 118.5 75.0

125.8 ± 13.3 83.9 ± 10.7 Md 120.5 83.0

0.89 0.21

Heart rate from Blood Pressure cuff (bpm)

66.5 ± 8.4 Md 66.0

67.4 ± 11.0 Md 64.3

0.83

63.1 ± 4.9 Md 62.0

68.4 ± 12.1 Md 62.0

0.20

Heart rate (from ECG) (n = 10) (bpm)

61.0 ± 6.2 (n = 10) Md (n = 10) 60.5

62.0 ± 10.0(n = 10) Md (n = 10) 62.3

0.77

61.4 ± 6.4 Md 61.0

61.0 ± 10.0 Md 57.3

0.91

  1. Data are expressed as means ± SD and, when stated, median.
  2. Y = years, m = meters, bpm = beats per minute, ES = effect size (change/sd).
  3. * = p < 0.05 significant.
  4. Effect size noted when of interest.
  5. Md = Median.