Table 1 Muscle function and muscle damage indices at pre exercise and day 2 post exercise in the first and sixth week of stair descending and stair ascending groups (mean ± standard error of the mean)
From: Stair descending exercise increases muscle strength in elderly males with chronic heart failure
Week 1 | Week 6 | Main effects and interactions | Effect sizes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Day 2 | Pre | Day 2 | G × W × T | G × W | G × T | W × T | G | W | T | Week 1 (pre vs. day 2) | Week 6 (pre vs. day 2) | Pre (week 1 vs. week 6) | |
Eccentric peak torque (Nm) | ||||||||||||||
Descending | 155.5 ± 10.1 | 132.3 ± 10.6a | 174.5 ± 7.7 | 177.8 ± 8.6b | <.001 | >.05 | .004 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | 0.94 | -0.20 | -0.77 |
Ascending | 148.3 ± 12.0 | 158.7 ± 13.6 | 158.7 ± 11.9 | 156.8 ± 12.7 | 0.31 | -0.24 | -0.35 | |||||||
Concentric peak torque (Nm) | ||||||||||||||
Descending | 125.3 ± 15.0 | 114.3 ± 13.5 | 135.2 ± 12.9 | 141.3 ± 10.1 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | 0.31 | -0.25 | -0.26 |
Ascending | 118.5 ± 13.7 | 122.5 ± 10.9 | 133.3 ± 12.0 | 137.8 ± 11.2 | -0.11 | -0.15 | -0.44 | |||||||
Isometric peak torque (Nm) | ||||||||||||||
Descending | 142.7 ± 10.0 | 125.3 ± 11.4a | 154.5 ± 9.4 | 158.2 ± 12.1b | >.05 | >.05 | .009 | <.001 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | 0.71 | -0.16 | -0.51 |
Ascending | 135.0 ± 10.7 | 139.2 ± 10.3 | 141.7 ± 9.6 | 152.7 ± 10.2 | -0.17 | 0.46 | -0.27 | |||||||
Range of movement ( o ) | ||||||||||||||
Descending | 119.2 ± 0.8 | 116.2 ± 1.7a | 119.3 ± 0.6 | 118.7 ± 1.0 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | .035 | 1.47 | 0.64 | 0.07 |
Ascending | 118.2 ± 0.7 | 117.8 ± 1.0 | 119.5 ± 0.5 | 119.0 ± 0.8 | 0.21 | 0.59 | -0.83 | |||||||
DOMS (1-10) | ||||||||||||||
Descending | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 3.2 ± 1.0a | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | .009 | NC | NC | NC |
Ascending | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | NC | NC | NC | |||||||
CK (U/L) | ||||||||||||||
Descending | 80.3 ± 23.9 | 913.3 ± 237.5a | 117.0 ± 24.4 | 243.5 ± 95.6b | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | >.05 | .034 | >.05 | .041 | -16.2 | -0.76 | -0.71 |
Ascending | 99.7 ± 19.4 | 298.2 ± 88.3a | 93.3 ± 20.1 | 121.2 ± 54.2 | -4.25 | -0.88 | 0.13 | |||||||