TY - JOUR AU - Ohene-Frempong, K. AU - Weiner, S. J. AU - Sleeper, L. A. AU - Miller, S. T. AU - Embury, S. AU - Moohr, J. W. AU - Wethers, D. L. AU - Pegelow, C. H. AU - Gill, F. M. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors JO - Blood VL - 91 ID - Ohene-Frempong1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gladwin, M. T. AU - Sachdev, V. AU - Jison, M. L. AU - Shizukuda, Y. AU - Plehn, J. F. AU - Minter, K. AU - Brown, B. AU - Coles, W. A. AU - Nichols, J. S. AU - Ernst, I. AU - Hunter, L. A. AU - Blackwelder, W. C. AU - Schechter, A. N. AU - Rodgers, G. P. AU - Castro, O. AU - Ognibene, F. P. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Pulmonary hypertension as a risk factor for death in patients with sickle cell disease JO - N Engl J Med VL - 350 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa035477 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa035477 ID - Gladwin2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ebert, E. C. AU - Nagar, M. AU - Hagspiel, K. D. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Gastrointestinal and hepatic complications of sickle cell disease JO - Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2010.02.016 DO - 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.02.016 ID - Ebert2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ataga, K. I. AU - Orringer, E. P. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Renal abnormalities in sickle cell disease JO - Am J Hematol VL - 63 UR - https://doi.org/3.0.CO;2-8 DO - 3.0.CO;2-8 ID - Ataga2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clare, A. AU - FitzHenley, M. AU - Harris, J. AU - Hambleton, I. AU - Serjeant, G. R. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Chronic leg ulceration in homozygous sickle cell disease: the role of venous incompetence JO - Br J Haematol VL - 119 UR - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03833.x DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03833.x ID - Clare2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuart, M. J. AU - Nagel, R. L. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Sickle-cell disease JO - Lancet VL - 364 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17192-4 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17192-4 ID - Stuart2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adams, R. J. AU - McKie, V. C. AU - Hsu, L. AU - Files, B. AU - Vichinsky, E. AU - Pegelow, C. AU - Abboud, M. AU - Gallagher, D. AU - Kutlar, A. AU - Nichols, F. T. AU - Bonds, D. R. AU - Brambilla, D. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial doppler ultrasonography JO - N Engl J Med VL - 339 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199807023390102 DO - 10.1056/NEJM199807023390102 ID - Adams1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gaston, M. H. AU - Verter, J. I. AU - Woods, G. AU - Pegelow, C. AU - Kelleher, J. AU - Presbury, G. AU - Zarkowsky, H. AU - Vichinsky, E. AU - Iyer, R. AU - Lobel, J. S. AU - Diamond, S. AU - Holbrook, C. T. AU - Gill, F. M. AU - Ritchey, K. AU - Falletta, J. M. PY - 1986 DA - 1986// TI - Prophylaxis with oral penicillin in children with sickle cell anemia JO - N Engl J Med VL - 314 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198606193142501 DO - 10.1056/NEJM198606193142501 ID - Gaston1986 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Serjeant, G. R. AU - Serjeant, B. E. AU - Forbes, M. AU - Hayes, R. J. AU - Higgs, D. R. AU - Lehmann, H. PY - 1986 DA - 1986// TI - Haemoglobin gene frequencies in the Jamaican population: a study in 100,000 newborns JO - Br J Haematol VL - 64 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1986.tb04117.x DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1986.tb04117.x ID - Serjeant1986 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Griffiths, K. D. AU - Raine, D. N. AU - Mann, J. R. PY - 1982 DA - 1982// TI - Neonatal screening for sickle haemoglobinopathies in Birmingham JO - Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) VL - 284 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.284.6320.933 DO - 10.1136/bmj.284.6320.933 ID - Griffiths1982 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ballardini, E. AU - Tarocco, A. AU - Marsella, M. AU - Bernardoni, R. AU - Carandina, G. AU - Melandri, C. AU - Guerra, G. AU - Patella, A. AU - Zucchelli, M. AU - Ferlini, A. AU - Bigoni, S. AU - Ravani, A. AU - Garani, G. AU - Borgna-Pignatti, C. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Universal neonatal screening for sickle cell disease and other haemoglobinopathies in Ferrara, Italy JO - Blood Transfus VL - 11 ID - Ballardini2013 ER - TY - STD TI - Pass K, Harris K: “MMWR Weekly” update: newborn screening for sickle cell disease.  . 2000, 49 (32): 729-731. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4932a1.htm UR - http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4932a1.htm ID - ref12 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chapman, C. S. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies JO - Clin Lab Haematol VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2257.1999.00222.x DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2257.1999.00222.x ID - Chapman1999 ER - TY - STD TI - US Census Bureau DIS: International Programs, International Data Base [Internet]. [cited 2014 Jan 14]. Available from: http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/region.php?N=%20Results%20&T=13&A=separate&RT=0&Y=2013&R=-1&C=BB UR - http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/region.php?N=%20Results%20&T=13&A=separate&RT=0&Y=2013&R=-1&C=BB ID - ref14 ER - TY - JOUR AU - St John, M. A. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - Audit of the hospitalised paediatric patients with sickle cell haemoglobinopathies JO - West Indian Med J VL - 50 ID - St John2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - St John, M. A. AU - Lungu, F. N. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Haemoglobin electrophoresis patterns in Barbados JO - West Indian Med J VL - 48 ID - St John1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leikin, S. L. AU - Gallagher, D. AU - Kinney, T. R. AU - Sloane, D. AU - Klug, P. AU - Rida, W. PY - 1989 DA - 1989// TI - Mortality in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. cooperative study of sickle cell disease JO - Pediatrics VL - 84 ID - Leikin1989 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Serjeant, G. R. AU - Ceulaer, C. D. AU - Lethbridge, R. AU - Morris, J. AU - Singhal, A. AU - Thomas, P. W. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - The painful crisis of homozygous sickle cell disease: clinical features JO - Br J Haematol VL - 87 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb08317.x DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb08317.x ID - Serjeant1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ware, M. A. AU - Hambleton, I. AU - Ochaya, I. AU - Serjeant, G. R. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Day-care management of sickle cell painful crisis in Jamaica: a model applicable elsewhere? JO - Br J Haematol VL - 104 UR - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01160.x DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01160.x ID - Ware1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Serjeant, G. R. PY - 1974 DA - 1974// TI - Leg ulceration in sickle cell anemia JO - Arch Intern Med VL - 133 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1974.00320160184017 DO - 10.1001/archinte.1974.00320160184017 ID - Serjeant1974 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Serjeant, G. R. AU - Serjeant, B. E. AU - Mohan, J. S. AU - Clare, A. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Leg ulceration in sickle cell disease: medieval medicine in a modern world JO - Hematol Oncol Clin North Am VL - 19 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2005.08.005 DO - 10.1016/j.hoc.2005.08.005 ID - Serjeant2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alleyne, S. I. AU - Wint, E. AU - Serjeant, G. R. PY - 1977 DA - 1977// TI - Social effects of leg ulceration in sickle cell anemia JO - South Med J VL - 70 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-197702000-00033 DO - 10.1097/00007611-197702000-00033 ID - Alleyne1977 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cumming, V. AU - King, L. AU - Fraser, R. AU - Serjeant, G. AU - Reid, M. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Venous incompetence, poverty and lactate dehydrogenase in Jamaica are important predictors of leg ulceration in sickle cell anaemia JO - Br J Haematol VL - 142 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07115.x DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07115.x ID - Cumming2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - King, L. AU - Moosang, M. AU - Miller, M. AU - Reid, M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Prevalence and predictors of microalbuminuria in Jamaican children with sickle cell disease JO - Arch Dis Child VL - 96 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-300628 DO - 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300628 ID - King2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Powars, D. R. AU - Elliott-Mills, D. D. AU - Chan, L. AU - Niland, J. AU - Hiti, A. L. AU - Opas, L. M. AU - Johnson, C. PY - 1991 DA - 1991// TI - Chronic renal failure in sickle cell disease: risk factors, clinical course, and mortality JO - Ann Intern Med VL - 115 UR - https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-8-614 DO - 10.7326/0003-4819-115-8-614 ID - Powars1991 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Asnani, M. R. AU - Fraser, R. A. AU - Reid, M. E. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Higher rates of hemolysis are not associated with albuminuria in Jamaicans with sickle cell disease JO - PLoS ONE VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018863 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0018863 ID - Asnani2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Platt, O. S. AU - Brambilla, D. J. AU - Rosse, W. F. AU - Milner, P. F. AU - Castro, O. AU - Steinberg, M. H. AU - Klug, P. P. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - Mortality in sickle cell disease. life expectancy and risk factors for early death JO - N Engl J Med VL - 330 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199406093302303 DO - 10.1056/NEJM199406093302303 ID - Platt1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aliyu, Z. Y. AU - Gordeuk, V. AU - Sachdev, V. AU - Babadoko, A. AU - Mamman, A. I. AU - Akpanpe, P. AU - Attah, E. AU - Suleiman, Y. AU - Aliyu, N. AU - Yusuf, J. AU - Mendelsohn, L. AU - Kato, G. J. AU - Gladwin, M. T. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary artery systolic hypertension among sickle cell disease patients in Nigeria JO - Am J Hematol VL - 83 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.21162 DO - 10.1002/ajh.21162 ID - Aliyu2008 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cobley, A. AU - Thompson, A. PY - 1990 DA - 1990// TI - The African-Caribbean Connection: Historical and Cultural Perspectives PB - Department of History CY - Bridgetown, Barbados ID - Cobley1990 ER - TY - STD TI - The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade [Internet]: About.com African History. [cited 2013 Jun 25]. Available from: http://africanhistory.about.com/od/slavery/tp/TransAtlantic001.htm UR - http://africanhistory.about.com/od/slavery/tp/TransAtlantic001.htm ID - ref30 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steinberg, M. H. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Predicting clinical severity in sickle cell anaemia JO - Br J Haematol VL - 129 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05411.x DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05411.x ID - Steinberg2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Powars, D. PY - 1991 DA - 1991// TI - Sickle cell anemia: beta s-gene-cluster haplotypes as prognostic indicators of vital organ failure JO - Semin Hematol VL - 28 ID - Powars1991 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bakanay, S. M. AU - Dainer, E. AU - Clair, B. AU - Adekile, A. AU - Daitch, L. AU - Wells, L. AU - Holley, L. AU - Smith, D. AU - Kutlar, A. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Mortality in sickle cell patients on hydroxyurea therapy JO - Blood VL - 105 UR - https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-01-0322 DO - 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0322 ID - Bakanay2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Labie, D. AU - Pagnier, J. AU - Lapoumeroulie, C. AU - Rouabhi, F. AU - Dunda-Belkhodja, O. AU - Chardin, P. AU - Beldjord, C. AU - Wajcman, H. AU - Fabry, M. E. AU - Nagel, R. L. PY - 1985 DA - 1985// TI - Common haplotype dependency of high G gamma-globin gene expression and high Hb F levels in beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients JO - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA VL - 82 UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.82.7.2111 DO - 10.1073/pnas.82.7.2111 ID - Labie1985 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ndugwa, C. AU - Higgs, D. AU - Fisher, C. AU - Hambleton, I. R. AU - Mason, K. AU - Serjeant, B. E. AU - Serjeant, G. R. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Homozygous sickle cell disease in Uganda and Jamaica a comparison of Bantu and Benin haplotypes JO - West Indian Med J VL - 61 ID - Ndugwa2012 ER -