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Table 5 Relationship between life style and kidney disease status

From: Prevalence and risk factors of kidney disease in urban Karachi: baseline findings from a community cohort study

 

No kidney disease

Mild kidney disease

Moderate kidney disease

Total cohort

p value

Smoking status

     

 Regular smoker

28 (9.60)

3 (100)

10 (35.70)

41 (11.70)

0.000**

 Non-smoker

264 (90.40)

27 (90.00)

18 (64.30)

309 (88.30)

Water intake

     

 Scanty, < 6 glasses a day

76 (26.00)

8 (23.30)

13 (46.40)

96 (27.40)

0.06

 Adequate

216 (74.00)

23 (76.70)

15 (53.60)

254 (72.60)

Habit of adding salt

     

 Yes

74 (25.30)

5 (16.70)

6 (21.40)

85 (24.30)

0.5

 No

218 (74.70)

25 (83.30)

22 (78.60)

265 (75.70)

Unsaturated fat intake

     

 Yes

76 (26.0)

4 (13.30)

6 (21.40)

86 (24.60)

0.3

 No

216 (74.0)

26 (86.70)

22 (78.60)

264 (75.40)

 
  1. **p value < 0.0001, calculated by Chi-square test.