Table 8 Univariate analyses of risk factors for kidney disease and interaction terms; binomial logistic regression
Variables | Kidney diseasea | |
|---|---|---|
Prevalence odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
Age (for every 1 year increase in age) | 1.05 (1.03-1.07) | 0.000** |
Age groups | ||
40+ | 4.0 (2.2-7.2) | 0.000** |
≤ 39 | Ref | |
HDL | 0.96 (0.9-0.99) | 0.03* |
Gender | ||
Male | 1.6 (0.9-2.8) | 0.13 |
Female | Ref | |
Diabetes mellitus status | ||
Diabetic | 2.8 (1.3-6.4) | 0.01* |
Non-diabetic | Ref | |
Hypertension status | ||
Hypertensive | 2.3 (1.3-4.4) | 0.006* |
Normotensive | Ref | |
Smoking status | ||
Regular smoker | 2.7 (1.3-5.6) | 0.007* |
Non-smoker | Ref | |
Interaction terms | ||
Hypertension and smoking interaction | ||
Normotensive & smoker | 2.4 (0.98-5.8) | 0.054 |
Hypertension & non-smoker | 2.2 (1.097-4.4) | 0.03* |
Hypertension & smoker | 8.9 (2.3-35.2) | 0.002* |
Normotensive & non-smoker | Ref | |
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus interaction | ||
Normotensive & diabetic | 2.0 (0.6-6.6) | 0.2 |
Hypertension & non-diabetic | 2.0 (1.006-4.1) | 0.048* |
Hypertension & diabetic | 5.7 (1.8-18.0) | 0.003* |
Normotensive & non-diabetic | Ref| | |
Diabetes mellitus and smoking interaction | ||
Non-diabetic & smoker | 2.6 (1.2-5.8) | 0.02* |
Diabetic & non-smoker | 2.7 (1.1-6.9) | 0.04* |
Diabetic & smoker | 6.5 (1.3-33.4) | 0.03* |
Non-diabetic & non-smoker | Ref | |