From: Can the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) be predicted using a risk-scoring system?
Variable | 95% CI | OR | Subgroup | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age in years | 0.99-1.02 | 1.01 | 0.415 | |
Ethnicity | - | 1 | Caucasian | - |
1.75-2.74 | 2.19 | South Asian | < 0.001 | |
0.60-0.95 | 0.76 | Afro-Caribbean | 0.019 | |
1.05-3.65 | 1.96 | East Asian | 0.035 | |
0.97-1.55 | 1.23 | Other | 0.082 | |
Multiparity | 0.34-0.45 | 0.39 | < 0.001 | |
Smoking status | - | 1 | Non-smoker | - |
0.77-1.35 | 1.01 | Ex-smoker | 0.891 | |
0.21-0.46 | 0.31 | Smoker | < 0.001 | |
Place of delivery | - | 1 | Hospital | - |
0.08-0.60 | 0.22 | Home | 0.003 | |
0.37-3.77 | 1.18 | Other | 0.779 | |
Mode of delivery | - | 1 | Vaginal | - |
5.08-8.94 | 6.74 | Forceps | < 0.001 | |
1.92-3.10 | 2.44 | Ventouse | < 0.001 | |
Epidural | - | 1 | No | - |
1.24-1.94 | 1.55 | Yes | < 0.001 | |
Other analgesia | - | 1 | None | - |
0.30-5.13 | 1.24 | CSE | 0.766 | |
5.59-11.87 | 8.14 | Spinal | < 0.001 | |
0.23-12.89 | 1.71 | Epidural | 0.605 | |
1.42-2.62 | 1.93 | Water immersion | < 0.001 | |
Duration of 2nd stage in minutes | 1.05-1.08 | 1.07 | < 0.001 | |
Water birth | 0.74-2.20 | 1.27 | 0.378 | |
Shoulder dystocia | - | 1 | No | - |
2.34-5.10 | 3.46 | Yes | < 0.001 | |
Mediolateral episiotomy | - | 1 | No | - |
2.14-3.08 | 2.57 | Yes | < 0.001 | |
Birth weight (grams) | 1.0004-1.0008 | 1.0006 | < 0.001 | |
Head circumference (mm) | 1.11-1.23 | 1.16 | < 0.001 |