Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Male gender, N (%)

12 (48.0)

19 (63.3)

29 (46.0)

60 (50.8)

Cesarean delivery, N (%)

21 (84.0)

22 (73.3)

25 (39.7)

68 (57.6)

Weight-for-date, N (%)

Small

1 (4.0)

3 (10.0)

0 (0.0)

4 (3.4)

Large

1 (4.0)

1 (3.3)

9 (14.3)

11 (9.3)

Nursery setting, N (%)

Normal Unit

0 (0.0)

24 (80.0)

62 (98.4)

86 (72.9)

NICU

25 (100.0)

6 (20.0)

1 (1.6)

32 (27.1)

Maternal anesthesia, N (%)

Epidural

2 (8.0)

8 (26.7)

41 (65.1)

51 (43.2)

General

5 (20.0)

2 (6.7)

0 (0.0)

7 (5.9)

Spinal

16 (64.0)

20 (66.7)

15 (23.8)

51 (43.2)

Local/None

2 (8.0)

0 (0.0)

7 (11.1)

9 (7.6)

Placement, N (%)

Crib

10 (40)

25 (83.3)

61 (96.8)

96 (81.4)

Radiant warmer

2 (8)

2 (6.7)

1 (1.6)

5 (4.2)

Closed isolette

13 (52)

3 (10)

1 (1.6)

17 (14.4)

Resuscitation at birth, N (%)

7 (28.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.6)

8 (6.8)

Age (Days), Median

11.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

IQR

6.0-18.0

1.0-1.0

1.0-1.0

1.0-2.3

Birth weight (Grams), Median

1765.0

2595.0

3305.0

2980.0

IQR

1482.0-2185.0

2263.8-2761.3

3065.0-3635.0

2321.3-3363.8

Birth length, Median

42.0

47.0

50.0

48.0

IQR

40.3-45.0

45.0-48.5

48.5-51.0

45.0-50.0

Birth head circumference, Median

30.0

33.0

35.0

33.5

IQR

27.3-32.0

32.9-34.0

34.0-35.5

32.5-35.0

Crib score, Range

0-6

0-1

0

0-6

Axillary temperature (°C), Mean ± SD

36.8 (0.3)

36.8 (0.3)

36.9 (0.4)

36.8 (0.4)

Range

36-37.4

35.9-37.4

35.8-37.8

35.8-37.8

Rectal temperature (°C), Mean ± SD

36.6 (0.4)

36.6 (0.6)

36.9 (0.5)

36.8 (0.5)

Range

35.9-37.3

34.6-37.2

35.5-37.7

34.6-37.7

Paired t-test

Comparison of axillary and rectal temperatures

p value

0.22

0.01

0.55

0.10

Pearson Correlation

r (p value)

0.2 (0.30)

0.4 (0.05)

0.6 (0.000)

0.5 (0.000)