From: Haemoglobin status and predictors of anaemia among pregnant women in Mpigi, Uganda
Characteristic | Frequency | Percent (%) | Mean (sd) of Hb | 95% CI | P- value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall haemoglobin | 2436 | 100 | 11.5 (1.38) | 11.6-11.7 | |
Age in years | |||||
Below 20 | 474 | 19.5 | 11.3 (1.33) | 11.2-11.4 | 0.006 |
20-24 | 937 | 38.5 | 11.5 (1.40) | 11.4-11.6 | |
25-29 | 680 | 27.9 | 11.6 (1.36) | 11.5-11.7 | |
30-34 | 176 | 7.2 | 11.5 (1.52) | 11.3-11.8 | |
≥35 | 169 | 6.9 | 11.5 (1.34) | 11.3-11.7 | |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 295 | 12.1 | 11.4 (1.44) | 11.2-11.5 | 0.055 |
Married | 2141 | 87.9 | 11.5 (1.37) | 11.5-11.6 | |
Education level | |||||
No formal | 77 | 3.2 | 11.8 (1.46) | 11.5-12.1 | 0.437 |
Lower Primary (P1-4) | 169 | 6.9 | 11.4 (1.38) | 11.2-11.6 | |
Upper Primary (P5-7) | 967 | 39.7 | 11.5 (1.37) | 11.4-11.6 | |
Secondary (S1-S6) | 1158 | 47.5 | 11.5 (1.40) | 11.4-11.6 | |
Tertiary | 65 | 2.7 | 11.5 (1.27) | 11.1-11.8 | |
Parity | |||||
Nulliparous | 641 | 26.3 | 11.4 (1.37) | 11.3-11.5 | 0.083 |
1 | 582 | 24.0 | 11.5 (1.40) | 11.4-11.6 | |
2 | 414 | 17.0 | 11.6 (1.33) | 11.5-11.7 | |
3 | 286 | 11.7 | 11.6 (1.39) | 11.5-11.8 | |
4 | 228 | 9.4 | 11.5 (1.36) | 11.5-11.6 | |
Para 5+ | 285 | 11.7 | 11.6 (1.43) | 11.4-11.7 | |
Timing of 1st visit | |||||
First trimester | 251 | 10.3 | 11.3 (1.35) | 11.1-11.5 | 0.034 |
Second trimester | 1505 | 61.8 | 11.5 (1.38) | 11.5-11.6 | |
Third trimester | 680 | 27.9 | 11.5 (1.40) | 11.4-11.6 | |
Iron supplements (number of tablets) | |||||
None | 830 | 34.1 | 11.3 (1.38) | 11.2-11.4 | <0.001 |
1-30 | 1157 | 47.4 | 11.6 (1.37) | 11.5-11.7 | |
31-60 | 302 | 12.5 | 11.6 (1.34) | 11.5-11.9 | |
61+ | 147 | 6.0 | 11.8 (1.44) | 11.5-11.9 | |
Doses of anti-helminthics taken | |||||
Zero | 511 | 21.0 | 11.4 (1.39) | 11.3-11.6 | 0.15 |
One | 1162 | 47.7 | 11.5 (1.37) | 11.4-11.6 | |
Two | 763 | 31.3 | 11.6 (1.38) | 11.5-11.7 | |
Doses of antimalarial prophylaxis (IPT) | |||||
Zero | 433 | 17.8 | 11.4 (1.44) | 11.3-11.6 | 0.004 |
One | 1074 | 44.1 | 11.4 (1.36) | 11.4-11.5 | |
Two | 929 | 38.1 | 11.6 (1.37) | 11.5-11.7 | |
Episodes of malaria | |||||
None | 1501 | 61.6 | 11.6 (1.35) | 11.5-11.7 | 0.024 |
One | 568 | 23.3 | 11.4 (1.44) | 11.3-11.7 | |
Two | 239 | 9.8 | 11.3 (1.40) | 11.1-11.6 | |
Three | 91 | 3.7 | 11.6 (1.36) | 11.3-12.0 | |
Four + | 37 | 1.5 | 11.3 (1.59) | 10.9-11.9 | |
HIV sero-status | |||||
Negative | 2237 | 91.8 | 11.6 (1.36) | 11.5-11.6 | <0.001 |
Positive on ARVs | 167 | 6.9 | 11.0 (1.52) | 10.8-11.2 | |
Positive ARV naive | 23 | 0.9 | 11.0 (1.38) | 10.4-11.5 | |
Unknown | 9 | 0.4 | 11.1 (1.28) | 10.2-12.0 |