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Table 1 Distribution of background characteristics associated with access to and use of maternal health services in Mdantsane (with p-values and chi-square )

From: Determinants of access to and use of maternal health care services in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: a quantitative and qualitative investigation

Characteristics

Access to maternal health services

Antenatal visits for pregnancy

No

Yes

P-value

χ2

1 to 4

5+

P-value

χ2

 

(n =173)

(n =94)

(n =156)

(n =111)

Age

  

0.8

2.2

  

0.0**

14.3

 15-19

61.5

38.5

  

69.2

30.8

  

 20-24

66.0

34.0

  

75.5

24.5

  

 25-29

62.9

37.1

  

62.9

37.1

  

 30-34

64.1

35.9

  

54.7

45.3

  

 35-39

61.2

38.8

  

44.9

55.1

  

 40 and above

76.9

23.1

  

42.3

57.7

  

Marital status

  

0.9

0.0

  

0.8

0.1

 Married

65.5

34.5

  

60.0

40.0

  

 Not married

64.6

35.4

  

58.0

42.0

  

Maternal education

  

0.7

1.4

  

0.6

2.1

 None

62.5

37.5

  

75.0

25.0

  

 Primary

71.4

28.6

  

55.1

44.9

  

 Secondary

62.8

37.2

  

57.4

42.6

  

 Tertiary

68.2

31.8

  

68.2

31.8

  

Occupation

  

0.0***

13.5

  

0.2

6.8

 None

61.1

38.9

  

52.8

47.2

  

 Housewife

80.0

20.0

  

53.3

46.7

  

 Self-employed

69.2

30.8

  

74.4

25.6

  

 Government employee

12.5

87.5

  

50.0

50.0

  

 Private employee

74.3

25.7

  

65.7

34.3

  

 Living on social grants

66.1

33.9

  

56.5

43.5

  

Residential area

  

0.3

1.2

  

0.5

0.4

 Within Mdantsane

62.3

37.7

  

56.9

43.1

  

 Outside Mdantsane

69.0

31.0

  

61.0

39.0

  

Distance to hospital/health facility

  

0.3

1.0

  

0.6

0.2

 More than 20 km

68.1

31.9

  

60.2

39.8

  

 Less than 20 km

62.3

37.7

  

57.1

42.9

  

Financial difficulties

  

0.2

2.9

  

0.6

0.9

 Difficult

66.1

33.9

  

58.3

41.7

  

 Not difficult

57.8

42.2

  

60.9

39.1

  

 Did not try to find/get money

81.8

18.2

  

45.5

54.5

  

Means of travelling/transport

  

0.2

3.4

  

0.2

3.4

 Walk

55.6

44.4

  

38.9

61.1

  

 Public transport

64.1

35.9

  

59.3

40.7

  

 Private transport

83.3

16.7

  

66.7

33.3

  

Cultural factors

  

0.0*

8.7

  

0.6

0.4

 Yes

25.0

75.0

  

66.7

33.3

  

 No

66.7

33.3

  

58.0

42.0

  

Did you find the health care information useful?

  

0.0*

22.3

  

0.8

0.0

 Yes

41.2

58.8

  

57.4

42.6

  

 No

72.9

27.1

  

58.8

41.2

  

Knowledge of maternal services offered

  

0.1

3.6

  

0.9

0.0

 Yes

62.3

37.7

  

58.3

41.7

  

 No

77.3

22.7

  

59.1

40.9

  

Medical aid

  

0.0*

26.4

  

0.6

0.3

 Yes

10.5

89.5

  

52.6

47.4

  

 No

69.0

31.0

  

58.9

41.1

  
  1. Note: 5+ = 5 and above; Significance level: * = P<0.001; ** = P<0.01; *** = P<0.05.