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Table 1 Demographic, Clinical and Hormonal Characteristics of 8 children with nodding syndrome

From: Physical growth, puberty and hormones in adolescents with Nodding Syndrome; a pilot study

ID

Age in years, gender

Duration of signs in years

Main clinical features

WAZ score

HAZ score

Tanner stage (Breast/Testis)

Bone Age (years)

Vit D(ng/ml)

IGF1(ng/ml)

IGFBP3(μg/ml)

1

15, Male

8

Head nodding only; Frequent head nods, triggered by food; has difficulties in speech

- 4.75

-4.04

2

10

21.3

157

2.8

2

14, Female

9

Head nodding only; head nods triggered by food or appearing spontaneously. Three siblings and cousins also have NS.

-1.85

-1.49

2

12

23.0

286

4.3

3

13, Male

8

Head nodding plus; Head nods appear spontaneously; Frequent hallucinations

-1.53

-2.63

1

9

21.9

295

4.1

4

15, Female

9

Head nodding plus; head nods triggered by food and cold weather. Aggressive behaviour and often disoriented.

-5.05

-3.07

2

Not done

33.7

216

3.8

5

18, Female

8

Head nodding plus; head nods triggered by food; periods of being aggressive; visual hallucinations

-1.11

-0.10

3

17

25.2

231

3.4

6

14, Female

5

Head nodding only; head nods triggered by food; 3 other siblings also have nodding syndrome.

-1.42

-1.78

2

12

25.8

332

4.6

7

13, Female

6

Head nodding plus; head nods are spontaneous; Severe burn injury with a submental fistula

-3.17

-2.62

2

10

19.3

268

3.9

8

13, Female

6

Head nodding plus; Head nods triggered by food and occur spontaneously. Severe and uncontrolled seizures, behavior difficulties and psychotic behavior

-3.22

-2.23

1

10

18.8

164

3.8

9**

15, Male

2

Head nodding only

-3.25

-3.05

1

Not done

34.6

No result

No result

  1. HAZ score < -3 = severe stunting, HAZ score -3 to -2 = moderate stunting and HAZ > -2 = Normal. Vitamin D deficiency level < 30 ng/ml; Normal IGF1 = 220-972 ng/ml, IGFBP3 = 3.3-10 ug/ml Tanner staging was based on breast development for girls and testicular size for boys. **Excluded patient because of incomplete results.