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Table 1 Participant sociodemographic characteristics

From: Disclosure of congenital cleft lip and palate to Japanese patients: reported patient experiences and relationship to self-esteem

 

Total

No. patients (n = 71)

(%)

Sex

20

(28.2)

 Male

51

(71.8)

 Female

  

Age, mean ± SD (range, 20–75 years)

33.8 ± 7.5

CL/P type

  

 Unilateral CL/P

33

(46.5)

 Bilateral CL/P

19

(26.8)

 Unknown CL/P

8

(15.4)

 Cleft lip (unilateral)

5

(7.0)

 Cleft lip (unknown)

1

(1.4)

 Cleft palate

1

(1.4)

 No answer

4

(5.6)

aRecruitment

  

 Hospital

10

(14.1)

 Patient association

27

(38.0)

 Snowball sampling

34

(47.9)

bSelf-esteem score (range, 10–50)

33.0 ± 4.1

Self-stigma score (range, 3–12)

6.29 ± 1.8

Disclosure score (range, 3–12)

10.7 ± 6.2

  1. CL/P, Cleft lip and palate; SD, standard deviation; No., number.
  2. aStudy participants were recruited as follows: during routine examination (hospital route), through the Association of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate in Japan (patient association route), or by acquaintance with an investigator or other participant (Snowball sampling).
  3. bData presented as the mean ± standard deviation.