Disclosure of congenital cleft lip and palate to Japanese patients: reported patient experiences and relationship to self-esteem

Table 5 Significant differences in survey scores and responses between the high and low self-esteem groups

	High SE group (n = 25)	Low SE group (n = 20)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-value^d
Self-esteem score (range, 10–50)	41.0 ± 3.8	22.5 ± 4.8	0.000
Self-stigma score (range, 3–12)	5.0 ± 0.9	7.7 ± 2.8	0.006
Disclosure of CL/P to others (range, 3–12)	12.1 ± 1.4	7.0 ± 3.0	0.000
I was raised not to be conscious about my CL/P^a	12 (48.0%)	16 (80.0%)	0.045
Period during which participants received sufficient support from someone important to them (range, 1–5)^b,c	1.8 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 0.7	0.054
Period during which participant actively asked doctors questions about CL/P (range, 1–5)^b,c	1.2 ± 1.0	0.6 ± 0.4	0.079

SE, self-esteem; SD, standard deviation; CL/P cleft lip and palate.
^aNumber (percentage) of participants who answered “yes” on this survey question.
^bResponses from 45 participants (25 high SE and 20 low SE subjects) who consulted someone upon experiencing difficulty with their CL/P.
^cFor each period (early elementary school, 6–8 years; late elementary school, 9–11 years; junior high school, 12–15 years; high school, 16–18 years; and ≥19 years), 1 point was given if the subject answered that he/she was treated well, for a maximum of 5 points.
^dSignificance defined as p < 0.08.

ISSN: 1756-0500