Variable | Low altitude | Moderate altitude | Altitude | Training | Altitude x Training | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | T 0 | T 1 | T 0 | T 1 | η 2 P | P | η 2 P | P | η 2 P | P |
Body mass (kg) | 88.6 ± 20.2 | 89.3 ± 18.4 | 91.8 ± 22.5 | 91.2 ± 22.7 | 0.004 | 0.829 | 0.000 | 0.966 | 0.130 | 0.206 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.3 ± 4.2 | 32.6 ± 3.4 | 31.1 ± 5.3 | 30.9 ± 5.4 | 0.024 | 0.594 | 0.005 | 0.806 | 0.157 | 0.469 |
WC (cm) | 110.2 ± 17.6 | 108.7 ± 16 | 109.2 ± 22 | 104.0 ± 18.4 | 0.013 | 0.701 | 0.159 | 0.158 | 0.077 | 0.338 |
Body fat (%) | 37.8 ± 6.4 | 36.5 ± 8.2 | 37.5 ± 7.5 | 36.9 ± 7.0 | 0.000 | 0.990 | 0.158 | 0.160 | 0.021 | 0.621 |
Visceral fat (%) | 16.0 ± 6.4 | 16.0 ± 6.3 | 12.2 ± 4.9 | 12.0 ± 5.1 | 0.120 | 0.226 | 0.058 | 0.408 | 0.058 | 0.408 |
Muscle mass (%) | 26.7 ± 3.2 | 28.6 ± 5.3 | 27.5 ± 3.7 | 27.9 ± 3.6 | 0.000 | 0.974 | 0.190 | 0.119 | 0.100 | 0.271 |
Syst. BP (mmHg) | 158.2 ± 21.8 | 143.7 ± 18.1 | 134.2 ± 20.9 | 138.1 ± 10.2 | 0.180 | 0.131 | 0.162 | 0.153 | 0.367 | 0.022 |
Diast. BP (mmHg) | 88.7 ± 10.0 | 85.5 ± 8.1 | 85.9 ± 9.6 | 86.9 ± 6.8 | 0.002 | 0.865 | 0.019 | 0.640 | 0.066 | 0.375 |
Max. syst. BP (mmHg) | 212.3 ± 25.9 | 187.5 ± 14.7 | 181.8 ± 33.4 | 184.3 ± 24.4 | 0.118 | 0.250 | 0.340 | 0.036 | 0.397 | 0.021 |
Resting HR (bpm) | 68.2 ± 6.8 | 65.3 ± 7.9 | 75.8 ± 11.7 | 71.2 ± 10.9 | 0.148 | 0.174 | 0.146 | 0.177 | 0.009 | 0.750 |
Max. HR (bpm) | 143.0 ± 15.2 | 144.7 ± 20.9 | 154.1 ± 22.6 | 148.9 ± 22.9 | 0.041 | 0.508 | 0.033 | 0.550 | 0.113 | 0.261 |
Age-adjust. max. CF (%) | 92.2 ± 11.1 | 95.3 ± 14.2 | 90.3 ± 11.6 | 91.0 ± 9.7 | 0.021 | 0.633 | 0.140 | 0.207 | 0.061 | 0.415 |
Power (W=J/s) | 133.3 ± 25.8 | 138.3 ± 36.0 | 189.3 ± 82.7 | 197.1 ± 102.6 | 0.162 | 0.173 | 0.064 | 0.404 | 0.003 | 0.851 |
VO 2 max (ml/min) | 1754 ± 383.8 | 1816 ± 513.9 | 2335 ± 1058.4 | 2417 ± 1231.7 | 0.106 | 0.255 | 0.079 | 0.331 | 0.002 | 0.887 |