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Table 3 Factors associated post-partum depressive symptoms among mothers

From: Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among post-partum mothers in Nepal

Characteristics

EPDS score ≥10 (%)

EPDS score ≤9 (%)

Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI)

Age of mother

   

P = 0.019

 

P = 0.020

<20 years

14 (31.1)

31 (68.9)

0.58 (0.22-1.17)

 

0.49 (0.21-1.16)

 

20-29 years

67 (26.8)

183 (73.2)

0.41 (0.22-0.76)

 

0.40 (0.21-0.76)*

 

≥30 years #

24 (47.1)

27 (52.9)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Education status of mother

   

P = 0.140

 

P = 0.344

Literate

83 (28.7)

206 (71.3)

1.56 (0.86-2.81)

 

0.58 (0.19-1.77)

 

Illiterate#

22 (38.6)

35 (61.4)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Husband’s educational status

   

P = 0.036

 

P = 0.076

Literate

90 (28.6)

224 (71.4)

2.196 (1.05-4.58)

 

2.01 (0.93-4.38)

 

Illiterate#

15 (46.8)

17 (53.1)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Reason for reported stress

   

P = 0.002

 

P = 0.186

Husbands behavior

12 (66.7)

6 (33.3)

5.05 (1.84-13.86)

 

2.50 (0.64-9.71)

 

Economic condition#

93(28.4)

235 (71.6)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Socio-economic status

   

P = 0.111

 

P = 0.529

Lower class (KS ≤10)

25 (41.7)

35 (58.3)

1.97 (0.92-4.20)

 

1.57 (0.65-3.79)

 

Middle class (KS 11–25)

63 (28.4)

159 (71.0)

1.09 (0.58-2.05)

 

1.07 (0.55-2.08)

 

Upper class (KS 26–29)#

17 (26.6)

47 (73.4)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Pregnancy-induced health problems

   

P = 0.064

 

P = 0.050

Yes

14 (45.2)

17 (54.8)

2.02 (0.96-4.28)

 

2.16(1.001-4.66)*

 

No#

91 (28.9)

224 (71.9)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Subjective feelings of stress

   

P < 0.001

 

P < 0.001

Yes

20 (58.8)

14 (41.2)

3.81 (1.84-7.89)

 

3.86 (1.84-8.09)*

 

No#

85 (27.2)

227(72.8)

1.00

 

1.00

 
  1. #Reference category, *statistically significant at p < 0.05.