From: Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among post-partum mothers in Nepal
Characteristics | EPDS score ≥10 (%) | EPDS score ≤9 (%) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age of mother |  |  |  | P = 0.019 |  | P = 0.020 |
<20Â years | 14 (31.1) | 31 (68.9) | 0.58 (0.22-1.17) | Â | 0.49 (0.21-1.16) | Â |
20-29 years | 67 (26.8) | 183 (73.2) | 0.41 (0.22-0.76) | Â | 0.40 (0.21-0.76)* | Â |
≥30 years # | 24 (47.1) | 27 (52.9) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Education status of mother |  |  |  | P = 0.140 |  | P = 0.344 |
Literate | 83 (28.7) | 206 (71.3) | 1.56 (0.86-2.81) | Â | 0.58 (0.19-1.77) | Â |
Illiterate# | 22 (38.6) | 35 (61.4) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Husband’s educational status |  |  |  | P = 0.036 |  | P = 0.076 |
Literate | 90 (28.6) | 224 (71.4) | 2.196 (1.05-4.58) | Â | 2.01 (0.93-4.38) | Â |
Illiterate# | 15 (46.8) | 17 (53.1) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Reason for reported stress |  |  |  | P = 0.002 |  | P = 0.186 |
Husbands behavior | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 5.05 (1.84-13.86) | Â | 2.50 (0.64-9.71) | Â |
Economic condition# | 93(28.4) | 235 (71.6) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Socio-economic status |  |  |  | P = 0.111 |  | P = 0.529 |
Lower class (KS ≤10) | 25 (41.7) | 35 (58.3) | 1.97 (0.92-4.20) |  | 1.57 (0.65-3.79) |  |
Middle class (KS 11–25) | 63 (28.4) | 159 (71.0) | 1.09 (0.58-2.05) |  | 1.07 (0.55-2.08) |  |
Upper class (KS 26–29)# | 17 (26.6) | 47 (73.4) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Pregnancy-induced health problems |  |  |  | P = 0.064 |  | P = 0.050 |
Yes | 14 (45.2) | 17 (54.8) | 2.02 (0.96-4.28) | Â | 2.16(1.001-4.66)* | Â |
No# | 91 (28.9) | 224 (71.9) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Subjective feelings of stress |  |  |  | P < 0.001 |  | P < 0.001 |
Yes | 20 (58.8) | 14 (41.2) | 3.81 (1.84-7.89) | Â | 3.86 (1.84-8.09)* | Â |
No# | 85 (27.2) | 227(72.8) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |