TY - JOUR AU - Gaziano, T. A. AU - Bitton, A. AU - Anand, S. AU - Abrahams-Gessel, S. AU - Murphy, A. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Growing epidemic of coronary heart disease in low- and middle-income countries JO - Curr Probl Cardiol. VL - 35 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2009.10.002 DO - 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2009.10.002 ID - Gaziano2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Silva, D. A. AU - Woon, F. P. AU - Lee, M. P. AU - Chen, C. P. AU - Chang, H. M. AU - Wong, M. C. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - South Asian patients with ischemic stroke: intracranial large arteries are the predominant site of disease JO - Stroke. VL - 38 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.484584 DO - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.484584 ID - Silva2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feldmann, E. AU - Daneault, N. AU - Kwan, E. AU - Ho, K. J. AU - Pessin, M. S. AU - Langenberg, P. PY - 1990 DA - 1990// TI - Chinese-white differences in the distribution of occlusive cerebrovascular disease JO - Neurology. VL - 40 UR - https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.40.10.1540 DO - 10.1212/WNL.40.10.1540 ID - Feldmann1990 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kieffer, S. A. AU - Takeya, Y. AU - Resch, J. A. AU - Amplatz, K. PY - 1967 DA - 1967// TI - Racial differences in cerebrovascular disease. Angiographic evaluation of Japanese and American populations JO - Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. VL - 101 UR - https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.101.1.94 DO - 10.2214/ajr.101.1.94 ID - Kieffer1967 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nishimaru, K. AU - McHenry, L. C. AU - Toole, J. F. PY - 1984 DA - 1984// TI - Cerebral angiographic and clinical differences in carotid system transient ischemic attacks between American Caucasian and Japanese patients JO - Stroke VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.15.1.56 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.15.1.56 ID - Nishimaru1984 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sacco, R. L. AU - Kargman, D. E. AU - Gu, Q. AU - Zamanillo, M. C. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Race-ethnicity and determinants of intracranial atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. The Northern Manhattan stroke study JO - Stroke. VL - 26 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.26.1.14 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.26.1.14 ID - Sacco1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wong, K. S. AU - Li, H. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Long-term mortality and recurrent stroke risk among Chinese stroke patients with predominant intracranial atherosclerosis JO - Stroke. VL - 34 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000089017.90037.7A DO - 10.1161/01.STR.0000089017.90037.7A ID - Wong2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Viaro, F. AU - Farina, F. M. AU - Onofri, A. AU - Meneghetti, G. AU - Baracchini, C. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Symptomatic intracranial stenosis: a university hospital-based ultrasound study JO - Perspect Med VL - 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.004 DO - 10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.004 ID - Viaro2012 ER - TY - STD TI - Fuster V, Stein B, Ambrose JA, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH (1990) Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombosis. Evolving concepts. Circulation 82(3 Suppl):II47–II59 ID - ref9 ER - TY - STD TI - Steve E, Roach KB, Biller J (2010) Atherosclerosis of the cervicocranial arteries, chap 7. Cambridge University Press, pp 105–117. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139644235.010 ID - ref10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feldmann, E. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Transcranial Doppler: evaluation of intracranial occlusive cerebrovascular disease: a methodological perspective JO - Semin Cerebrovasc Dis Stroke VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1053/j.scds.2005.12.002 DO - 10.1053/j.scds.2005.12.002 ID - Feldmann2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chimowitz, M. I. AU - Kokkinos, J. AU - Strong, J. AU - Brown, M. B. AU - Levine, S. R. AU - Silliman, S. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - The warfarin-aspirin symptomatic intracranial sisease study JO - Neurology VL - 45 UR - https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.45.8.1488 DO - 10.1212/WNL.45.8.1488 ID - Chimowitz1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Samuels, O. B. AU - Joseph, G. J. AU - Lynn, M. J. AU - Smith, H. A. AU - Chimowitz, M. I. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - A standardized method for measuring intracranial arterial stenosis JO - AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. VL - 21 ID - Samuels2000 ER - TY - STD TI - (1991) Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 325(7):445–453 ID - ref14 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walker, M. D. AU - Marler, J. R. AU - Goldstein, M. AU - Grady, P. A. AU - Toole, J. F. AU - Baker, W. H. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis JO - JAMA. VL - 273 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520420037035 DO - 10.1001/jama.1995.03520420037035 ID - Walker1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dion, J. E. AU - Gates, P. C. AU - Fox, A. J. AU - Barnett, H. J. AU - Blom, R. J. PY - 1987 DA - 1987// TI - Clinical events following neuroangiography: a prospective study JO - Stroke VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.18.6.997 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.18.6.997 ID - Dion1987 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hobson, R. W. AU - Weiss, D. G. AU - Fields, W. S. AU - Goldstone, J. AU - Moore, W. S. AU - Towne, J. B. PY - 1993 DA - 1993// TI - Efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis JO - N Engl J Med VL - 328 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199301283280401 DO - 10.1056/NEJM199301283280401 ID - Hobson1993 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feldmann, E. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Diagnosis and quantitation of intracranial stenosis JO - J Neuroimaging VL - 19 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00418.x DO - 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00418.x ID - Feldmann2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alexandrov, A. V. AU - Babikian, V. L. AU - Adams, R. J. AU - Tegeler, C. H. AU - Caplan, L. R. AU - Spencer, M. P. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - The evolving role of transcranial doppler in stroke prevention and treatment JO - J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1052-3057(98)80135-3 DO - 10.1016/S1052-3057(98)80135-3 ID - Alexandrov1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feldmann, E. AU - Wilterdink, J. L. AU - Kosinski, A. AU - Lynn, M. AU - Chimowitz, M. I. AU - Sarafin, J. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - The Stroke Outcomes and Neuroimaging of Intracranial Atherosclerosis (SONIA) trial JO - Neurology. VL - 68 UR - https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000261488.05906.c1 DO - 10.1212/01.wnl.0000261488.05906.c1 ID - Feldmann2007 ER - TY - STD TI - GeoHive (2014) Cities: largest (without surrounding suburban areas). http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx. Cited 16 Jan 2014 UR - http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx ID - ref21 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ay, H. AU - Benner, T. AU - Arsava, E. M. AU - Furie, K. L. AU - Singhal, A. B. AU - Jensen, M. B. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: the causative classification of stroke system JO - Stroke. VL - 38 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.490896 DO - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.490896 ID - Ay2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baumgartner, R. W. AU - Mattle, H. P. AU - Schroth, G. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Assessment of ≥50% and <50% intracranial stenoses by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography JO - Stroke VL - 30 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.30.1.87 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.30.1.87 ID - Baumgartner1999 ER - TY - STD TI - Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (2012) IAC standards and guidelines for vascular testing accreditation. Intersocietal Accreditation Commission, Ellicott City, MD, pp 29–32. http://intersocietal.org/vascular/main/vascular_standards.htm. Accessed 8 Mar 2015 UR - http://intersocietal.org/vascular/main/vascular_standards.htm ID - ref24 ER - TY - STD TI - Gordis L (2009) Epidemiology. Medical. Elsevier/Saunder. https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Epidemiology.html?id=GseHgIbJo4gC&redir_esc. Accessed 8 Mar 2015 UR - https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Epidemiology.html%3fid%3dGseHgIbJo4gC%26redir_esc ID - ref25 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arenillas, J. F. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Intracranial atherosclerosis: current concepts JO - Stroke VL - 42 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.597278 DO - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.597278 ID - Arenillas2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gorelick, P. B. AU - Wong, K. S. AU - Bae, H. J. AU - Pandey, D. K. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Large artery intracranial occlusive disease: a large worldwide burden but a relatively neglected frontier JO - Stroke. VL - 39 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.505776 DO - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.505776 ID - Gorelick2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kasner, S. E. AU - Chimowitz, M. I. AU - Lynn, M. J. AU - Howlett-Smith, H. AU - Stern, B. J. AU - Hertzberg, V. S. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Predictors of ischemic stroke in the territory of a symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis JO - Circulation. VL - 113 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.578229 DO - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.578229 ID - Kasner2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wong, L. K. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Global burden of intracranial atherosclerosis JO - Int J Stroke VL - 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2006.00045.x DO - 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2006.00045.x ID - Wong2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Camerlingo, M. AU - Casto, L. AU - Censori, B. AU - Ferraro, B. AU - Gazzaniga, G. C. AU - Mamoli, A. PY - 1993 DA - 1993// TI - Transcranial Doppler in acute ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery territories JO - Acta Neurol Scand. VL - 88 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04200.x DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04200.x ID - Camerlingo1993 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cher, L. M. AU - Chambers, B. R. AU - Smidt, V. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Comparison of transcranial Doppler with DSA in vertebrobasilar ischaemia JO - Clin Exp Neurol VL - 29 ID - Cher1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rorick, M. B. AU - Nichols, F. T. AU - Adams, R. J. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - Transcranial Doppler correlation with angiography in detection of intracranial stenosis JO - Stroke VL - 25 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.25.10.1931 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.25.10.1931 ID - Rorick1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gerriets, T. AU - Goertler, M. AU - Stolz, E. AU - Postert, T. AU - Sliwka, U. AU - Schlachetzki, F. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Feasibility and validity of transcranial duplex sonography in patients with acute stroke JO - J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry VL - 73 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.1.17 DO - 10.1136/jnnp.73.1.17 ID - Gerriets2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nahab, F. AU - Kingston, C. AU - Frankel, M. R. AU - Dion, J. E. AU - Cawley, C. M. AU - Mitchell, B. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Early aggressive medical management for patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis JO - J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. VL - 22 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.06.012 DO - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.06.012 ID - Nahab2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Felberg, R. A. AU - Christou, I. AU - Demchuk, A. M. AU - Malkoff, M. AU - Alexandrov, A. V. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Screening for intracranial stenosis with transcranial Doppler: the accuracy of mean flow velocity thresholds JO - J Neuroimaging. VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2002.tb00083.x DO - 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2002.tb00083.x ID - Felberg2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saqqur, M. AU - Shuaib, A. AU - Alexandrov, A. V. AU - Hill, M. D. AU - Calleja, S. AU - Tomsick, T. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Derivation of transcranial Doppler criteria for rescue intra-arterial thrombolysis: multicenter experience from the interventional management of stroke study JO - Stroke. VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000157646.52285.c7 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.0000157646.52285.c7 ID - Saqqur2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hashimoto, H. AU - Etani, H. AU - Naka, M. AU - Kinoshita, N. AU - Nukada, T. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Assessment of the rate of successful transcranial Doppler recording through the temporal windows in Japanese with special reference to aging and sex JO - Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. VL - 29 UR - https://doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.29.119 DO - 10.3143/geriatrics.29.119 ID - Hashimoto1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Itoh, T. AU - Matsumoto, M. AU - Handa, N. AU - Maeda, H. AU - Hougaku, H. AU - Hashimoto, H. PY - 1993 DA - 1993// TI - Rate of successful recording of blood flow signals in the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler sonography JO - Stroke. VL - 24 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.24.8.1192 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.24.8.1192 ID - Itoh1993 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seidel, G. AU - Kaps, M. AU - Gerriets, T. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Potential and limitations of transcranial color-coded sonography in stroke patients JO - Stroke VL - 26 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.26.11.2061 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.26.11.2061 ID - Seidel1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Suri, M. F. AU - Georgiadis, A. L. AU - Tariq, N. AU - Vazquez, G. AU - Qureshi, N. AU - Qureshi, A. I. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Estimated prevalence of acoustic cranial windows and intracranial stenosis in the US elderly population: ultrasound screening in adults for intracranial disease study JO - Neuroepidemiology. VL - 37 UR - https://doi.org/10.1159/000327757 DO - 10.1159/000327757 ID - Suri2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arenillas, J. F. AU - Molina, C. A. AU - Montaner, J. AU - Abilleira, S. AU - Gonzalez-Sanchez, M. A. AU - Alvarez-Sabin, J. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - Progression and clinical recurrence of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis: a long-term follow-up transcranial Doppler ultrasound study JO - Stroke. VL - 32 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/hs1201.099652 DO - 10.1161/hs1201.099652 ID - Arenillas2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burgin, W. S. AU - Malkoff, M. AU - Felberg, R. A. AU - Demchuk, A. M. AU - Christou, I. AU - Grotta, J. C. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Transcranial doppler ultrasound criteria for recanalization after thrombolysis for middle cerebral artery stroke JO - Stroke. VL - 31 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1128 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1128 ID - Burgin2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, J. AU - Wang, L. AU - Bai, J. AU - Lun, Z. AU - Zhang, J. AU - Xing, Y. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - The optimal velocity criterion in the diagnosis of unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis by transcranial Doppler JO - Cell Biochem Biophys VL - 69 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-013-9771-9 DO - 10.1007/s12013-013-9771-9 ID - Chen2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Telman, G. AU - Namestnikov, O. AU - Kouperberg, E. AU - Sprecher, E. AU - Yarnitsky, D. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Ischemic middle cerebral artery stroke missing the tissue plasminogen activator time window: transcranial Doppler evaluation JO - J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis VL - 17 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.04.004 DO - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.04.004 ID - Telman2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jatuzis, D. AU - Zachrisson, H. AU - Blomstrand, C. AU - Ekholm, S. AU - Holm, J. AU - Volkmann, R. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Evaluation of posterior cerebral artery blood flow with transcranial Doppler sonography: value and risk of common carotid artery compression JO - J Clin Ultrasound VL - 28 UR - https://doi.org/3.0.CO;2-6 DO - 3.0.CO;2-6 ID - Jatuzis2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tian, J. W. AU - Sun, L. T. AU - Zhao, Z. W. AU - Gao, J. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Transcranial color Doppler flow imaging in detecting severe stenosis of the intracranial vertebral artery: a prospective study JO - Clin Imaging VL - 30 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2005.07.030 DO - 10.1016/j.clinimag.2005.07.030 ID - Tian2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wong, K. S. AU - Li, H. AU - Chan, Y. L. AU - Ahuja, A. AU - Lam, W. W. M. AU - Wong, A. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound to predict outcome in patients with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease JO - Stroke. VL - 31 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.11.2641 DO - 10.1161/01.STR.31.11.2641 ID - Wong2000 ER -