Table 1 Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients infected with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09
Characteristics | All patients | Non-hospitalized | Hospitalized | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 330 | 174 | 156 | |
Female sex | 203 (61.5) | 102 (58.6) | 101 (64.7) | 0.254 |
Age (years) | 24.7 ± 15.3 | 23.8 ± 14.2 | 25.8 ± 16.5 | 0.270 |
Pregnant | 47 (31.8) | 19 (26.0) | 28 (37.3) | 0.140 |
Smoking | 18 (5.5) | 6 (3.4) | 12 (7.7) | 0.090 |
Signs and symptoms | ||||
Fever | 320 (97.0) | 167 (96.0) | 153 (98.1) | 0.267 |
Cough | 311 (94.2) | 161 (92.5) | 150 (96.2) | 0.158 |
Shortness of breath | 245 (74.2) | 101 (58.0) | 144 (92.3) | <0.001 |
Muscle aches | 212 (64.2) | 117 (67.2) | 95 (60.9) | 0.230 |
Rhinorrhea | 197 (59.7) | 113 (64.9) | 84 (53.8) | 0.040 |
Sore throat | 192 (58.2) | 107 (61.5) | 85 (54.5) | 0.198 |
Chills | 138 (41.8) | 72 (41.4) | 66 (42.3) | 0.864 |
Joint pain | 118 (35.8) | 64 (36.8) | 54 (34.6) | 0.682 |
Headache | 63 (19.1) | 40 (23) | 23 (14.7) | 0.057 |
Diarrhea | 55 (16.7) | 24 (13.8) | 31 (19.9) | 0.139 |
Conjunctivitis | 21 (6.4) | 15 (8.6) | 6 (3.8) | 0.076 |
Abnormal chest radiograph | 81 (24.5) | 0 (0) | 81 (51.9) | <0.001 |
Without comorbidities | 220 (66.7) | 128 (73.6) | 92 (59.0) | 0.005 |
With comorbidities | ||||
Chronic lung disorder | 65 (19.6) | 29 (16.7) | 36 (23.1) | 0.144 |
Chronic cardiovascular condition | 22 (6.6) | 10 (5.7) | 12 (7.7) | 0.470 |
Metabolic disorder | 12 (3.6) | 1 (0.6) | 11 (7.1) | 0.002 |
Immunosuppression | 7 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 7 (4.5) | 0.005 |
Obesity | 8 (2.4) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (4.5) | 0.021 |
Hemoglobinopathy | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 0.490 |
Chronic kidney disease | 4 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1.9) | 0.260 |
Death | 87 (26.3) | 0 (0) | 87 (55.7) | <0.001 |
Genetic ancestry | ||||
Native American | 0.264 ± 0.18 | 0.250 ± 0.19 | 0.280 ± 19 | 0.147 |
European | 0.574 ± 0.20 | 0.600 ± 0.20 | 0.544 ± 19 | 0.006 |
African | 0.162 ± 0.11 | 0.150 ± 0.10 | 0.176 ± 11 | 0.010 |