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Table 3 Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum for acoustic parameters extracted from giraffe humming vocalizations

From: Nocturnal “humming” vocalizations: adding a piece to the puzzle of giraffe vocal communication

Acoustic parameter

Berlin Tierpark

Copenhagen Zoo

Vienna Zoo

N hums = 34

N hums = 22

N hums = 9

±

Min

Max

±

Min

Max

±

Min

Max

F0 start (Hz)

82.54 ± 29.32

40.0

145.02

109.8 ± 27.54

40.01

155.03

100.57 ± 40.81

45.01

185.02

F0 mid (Hz)

76.48 ± 18.81

45.01

180.04

110.02 ± 27.04

70.01

180.04

93.35 ± 29.05

50.01

130.01

F0 end (Hz)

73.9 ± 19.41

40.01

185.04

110.7 ± 34.21

65.01

185.04

87.23 ± 35.98

50.01

165.02

F0 min (Hz)

63.98 ± 18.23

35.01

105.02

83.88 ± 20.64

40.01

125.03

77.23 ± 27.4

40.01

125.01

F0 max (Hz)

94.69 ± 23.44

55.01

150.02

143.67 ± 29.61

85.02

195.04

116.68 ± 39.05

60.01

185.02

F0 range (Hz)

30.71 ± 14.59

10.0

76.01

59.79 ± 29.83

15.0

125.03

39.45 ± 21.57

10.0

80.01

F0 mean (Hz)

79.25 ± 18.52

48.53

120.36

110.26 ± 22.07

76.13

160.12

95.6 ± 31.64

52.71

144.69

F0 median (Hz)

78.98 ± 18.67

50.01

116.01

108.77 ± 22.56

75.02

160.03

94.18 ± 30.26

55.01

140.01

Duration (s)

1.42 ± 1.04

0.41

4.17

0.95 ± 0.36

0.45

1.74

1.52 ± 0.87

0.42

3.21