Media marketing factors | Study participants | Waterpipe ever use | Crude odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) | Adjusted odds ratioϯ (95 % confidence interval) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NÂ =Â 106 N (%) | Yes NÂ =Â 62 N (%) | No NÂ =Â 44 N (%) | |||
Waterpipe use in television/films* | |||||
 Seen | 66 (62) | 44 (71) | 22 (50) | 2.4 (1.1–5.5) | 2.4 (1.1–5.7) |
 Not seen (reference) | 40 (38) | 18 (29) | 22 (50) |  |  |
Advertisements on waterpipe products | |||||
 Seen | 91 (86) | 55 (89) | 36 (82) | 1.7 (0.6–5.2) | 1.4 (0.4–4.7) |
 Not seen (reference) | 15 (14) | 7 (11) | 8 (18) |  |  |
Waterpipe products for sale in public | |||||
 Seen | 60 (57) | 39 (63) | 21 (48) | 1.8 (0.8–4.0) | 1.8 (0.8–4.1) |
 Not seen (reference) | 46 (43) | 23 (37) | 23 (52) |  |  |
Waterpipe use in tv/films perceived unhealthy* | |||||
 No | 31 (29) | 38 (61) | 7 (16) | 3.3 (1.3–8.7) | 3.2 (1.2–8.9) |
 Yes (reference) | 75 (71) | 24 (39) | 37 (84) |  |  |
Waterpipe use in tv/films perceived cool | |||||
 Yes | 85 (80) | 49 (79) | 36 (82) | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 0.9 (0.3–2.7) |
 No (reference) | 21 (20) | 13 (21) | 8 (18) |  |  |