Table 2 Associations between the provision of EOL care and agency characteristics
Homecare nurse, n = 371 | Home helper, n = 274 | Care manager, n = 452 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Provision of EOL Care | Provision of EOL Care | Provision of EOL Care | |||||||
No (n = 140) | Yes (n = 231) | p-value | No (n = 152) | Yes (n = 122) | p-value | No (n = 198) | Yes (n = 54) | p-value | |
Agency characteristics | |||||||||
Number of staff (FTE) | 3.1 (2.6–4.0) | 4.5 (3.2–6.5) | <0.001a | 4.8 (3.0–9.7) | 8.4 (4.0–14.6) | 0.001a | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.6 (2.0–4.0) | <0.001a |
Nursing staff | |||||||||
Yes | 70 (35.4) | 114 (44.7) | 0.044b | ||||||
No | 128 (64.7) | 141 (55.3) | |||||||
Number of clients/1 month | 36.0 (20.0–56.0) | 52.0 (34.0–88.0) | <0.001a | 35.0 (21.0–64.0) | 53.0 (31.0–80.0) | 0.001a | 42.0 (23.0–74.0) | 68.5 (39.0–108.5) | <0.001a |
Agency ownership | |||||||||
Social welfare corporation | 19 (13.8) | 20 (8.7) | 0.079b | 42 (27.6) | 30 (24.8) | 0.574b | 53 (26.8) | 80 (31.8) | 0.303b |
Profit corporation | 38 (27.5) | 64 (27.8) | 77 (50.7) | 67 (55.4) | 81(40.9) | 85 (33.7) | |||
Healthcare corporation | 56 (40.6) | 80 (34.8) | 19 (12.5) | 10 (8.3) | 33 (16.7) | 52 (20.6) | |||
Others | 25 (18.1) | 66 (28.7) | 14 (9.2) | 14 (11.6) | 31 (15.7) | 35 (13.9) | |||
Other healthcare faclity owned by the same organization | |||||||||
Care management agency | |||||||||
Yes | 84 (60.0) | 151 (65.4) | 0.298b | 101 (72.7) | 95 (81.2) | 0.108b | |||
No | 56 (40.0) | 80 (34.6) | 38 (27.3) | 22 (18.8) | |||||
Homecare nursing agency | |||||||||
Yes | 21 (15.1) | 24 (20.5) | 0.258b | 24 (13.7) | 47 (21.3) | 0.052b | |||
No | 118 (84.9) | 93 (79.5) | 151 (86.3) | 174 (78.7) | |||||
Home help agency | |||||||||
Yes | 43 (30.7) | 72 (31.2) | 0.927b | 86 (49.1) | 115 (52.0) | 0.567b | |||
No | 97 (69.3) | 159 (68.8) | 89 (50.9) | 106 (48.0) | |||||
Hospital | |||||||||
Yes | 36 (25.7) | 61 (26.4) | 0.883b | 8 (5.8) | 5 (4.3) | 0.591b | 23 (13.1) | 30 (13.6) | 0.900b |
No | 104 (74.3) | 170 (73.6) | 131 (94.2) | 112 (95.7) | 152 (86.9) | 191 (86.4) | |||
Non-bed clinic | |||||||||
Yes | 19 (13.6) | 25 (10.8) | 0.427b | 6 (4.3) | 4 (3.4) | 0.712b | 7 (4.0) | 15 (6.8) | 0.229b |
No | 121 (86.4) | 206 (89.2) | 133 (95.7) | 113 (96.6) | 168 (96.0) | 206 (93.2) | |||
Number of collaborating HN agencies | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | <0.001a | ||||||
Number of collaborating HH agencies | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 6.0 (4.0–10.0) | <0.001a | ||||||
Number of collaborating CM agencies | 7.0 (3.0–12.0) | 13.0 (7.0–20.0) | <0.001a | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | 6.0 (4.0–12.0) | 0.105a | |||
Number of collaborating healthcare faclities | 11.0 (6.0–20.0) | 16.0 (9.0–28.0) | <0.001a | ||||||
Additional reimbursement for intensive service | |||||||||
By LTCI | |||||||||
Yes | 127 (92.0) | 227 (99.1) | <0.001b | 29 (19.7) | 36 (30.8) | 0.039b | 3 (1.6) | 11 (4.5) | 0.087b |
No | 11 (8.0) | 2 (0.9) | 118 (80.3) | 81 (69.2) | 189 (98.4) | 236 (95.6) | |||
By healthcare insurance | |||||||||
Yes | 109 (80.7) | 217 (94.4) | <0.001b | ||||||
No | 26 (19.3) | 13 (5.7) | |||||||
Accepting end-of-life clients | 59 (39.1) | 82 (68.3) | <0.001b | ||||||
92 (60.9) | 38 (31.7) | ||||||||
Homecare nurse and home helper could visit client together | |||||||||
Yes | 93 (67.9) | 171 (76.7) | 0.067b | 86 (58.9) | 69 (57.0) | 0.757b | 97 (52.7) | 170 (67.5) | 0.002b |
No | 44 (32.1) | 52 (23.3) | 60 (41.1) | 52 (43.0) | 87 (47.3) | 82 (32.5) | |||