Table 2 Summary of hospitalization evidence
References | Geographic region (study years) | Patients | Arms or cohorts | Hospitalization, # or % patients | # of hospital visits | Mean annual hospital # visits/patient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tsai et al. [45] | US, Canada | ≥55 year, stable COPD | Underweight (BMI <18.5, n = 50) | Prior year 0 visits | ||
Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9, n = 148) | Prior year 0 visits | |||||
Overweight (BMI 25–29.9, n = 105) | Prior year 0 visits | |||||
Obese (BMI ≥ 30, n = 92) | Prior year 0 visits | |||||
Rowe et al. [34] | US, Canada | ≥55 year, stable COPD | Canadian patients (n = 63) | Prior year 0 visits | ||
Johnston et al. [32] | Hamilton, Ontario (Dec 2006–Jan 2007) | ≥40 year, COPD of mixed severity | GOLD stratum 0 (n = 39) | 1 | Prior year 1.3 visits | |
GOLD stratum 1 and 2 (n = 31) | 3 | Prior year 1.2 visits | ||||
GOLD stratum 3 and 4 (n = 44) | 7 | Prior year 1.5 visits | ||||
Labrecque et al. [29] | Montreal (2004) | 40–75 years, stable COPD | Self-management (n = 57) | Prior year 0.7 visits Post index 0.3 visits | ||
Usual care (n = 45) | Prior year 0.5 visits Post index 0.5 visits | |||||
Moullec et al. [28] | Montreal (2004–2006) | Montreal hospital patients | Integrated care (n = 96) | Prior year 96 Post-index 38 | Prior year 1.3 visits Post index 0.7 visits | |
Usual care (n = 93) | Prior year 69 Post-index 55 | Prior year 1.5 visits Post-index 1.3 visits | ||||
Ohinmaa et al. [46] | Alberta | Adult from Canadian Community Health Survey | 20–44 years | 0 visits | ||
45–64 years | 3.45 visits | |||||
>65 years | 5.19 visits | |||||
Blais et al. [41] | Quebec (Feb 2003–Jan 2007) | ≥40 years | Budesonide/formoterol (n = 1131) | 8.6 % | 130 | 0.11 visits |
Propionate/salmeterol (n = 1131) | 12.4 % | 233 | 0.21 visits | |||
FitzGerald et al. [43] | Canada (1 year study) | ≥40 year, | All patients (n = 609) | 75 | 112 | 0.2 visits |
Patients with exacerbations (n = 278) | 75 | 1.5 visits | ||||
Canada (1 year study) | Diagnosed/undiagnosed COPD patients | All patients (n = 401) | Prior year 14 % | 0.32 visits (0 visits/year 1999–2005) | ||
Wong et al. [47] | Vancouver, British Columbia (winter 2006–2007) | Admitted St. Paul’s Hospital with AECOPD diagnosis | Entire population (n = 109) | 3.3 visits (6-month readmission rate) | ||
Beaulieu et al. [48] | Moderate-severe COPD | Self-administered prescription (n = 46) | 0.3 visits (prior 6-months) | |||
Control (n = 43) | 0.5 visits (prior 6-months) | |||||
Sin et al. [38] | (1992–1997) | age ≥65 years, discharged diagnosis of COPD | All Patients (n = 22,620) | 5654 (25 % repeat hospitalization) | ||
Chen et al. [50] | (First admission 1999–2000) | COPD In-patients, ≥40 years | Entire population (n = 108,726) | 49.1 % rehospitalization | ||
Huiart et al. [51] | (1990–1997, 1st COPD treatment) | ≥55 years, first treatment of COPD | All (n = 5648) | 1027 | 2326 | 101.4 visits/1000 PY |
Female (n = 2606) | 399 | 812 | 74.3 visits/1000 PY | |||
Male (n = 3042) | 673 | 1514 | 126.1 visits/1000 PY | |||
Sedeno et al. [21] | COPD patients | Usual care (n = 81) | 36.3 % | |||
Self-management group (n = 85) | 17.2 % | |||||
Chen et al. [76] | General population, broad (B) and narrow (N) defined cases for COPD hospitalization | All (n = 6,099,756) | B = 257,604, N = 85,189 | B = 42.2, N = 14.0/1000 PY | ||
Age 55–59 (n = 1,332,254) | B = 16,671, N = 5129 | B = 12.5, N = 3.8/1000 PY | ||||
Age 60–64 (n = 1,207,873) | B = 26,904, N = 8579 | B = 22.3, N = 7.1/1000 PY | ||||
Age 65–69 (n = 1,121,508) | B = 40,823, N = 13,404 | B = 36.4, N = 12.0/1000 PY | ||||
Age 70–74 (n = 963,007) | B = 51,782, N = 17,310 | B = 53.8, N = 18.0/1000 PY | ||||
Age 75–79 (n = 683,520) | B = 49,788, N = 16,983 | B = 72.8, N = 24.8/1000 PY | ||||
Age 80–84 (n = 450,458) | B = 40,666, N = 13,844 | B = 90.3, N = 30.7/1000 PY | ||||
Age 85–89 (n = 227,533) | B = 21,676, N = 7,046 | B = 95.3, N = 31.0/1000 PY | ||||
Age 90+ (n = 113,603) | B = 9294, N = 2894 | B = 81.8, N = 25.5/1000 PY | ||||
Tu et al. [78] | Active smoking adults, ≥15 years of age | 167 visits (predicted, linear regression) | ||||
Curkendall et al. [79] | (1997–2000) | ≥40 years, COPD diagnosed with ≥2 bronchodilators within 6-months | COPD (n = 11,493) | 598.36/1000 PY CV related; 109.5/1000 PY | ||
Controls (n = 22,986) | 221.23/1000 PY CV related; 44.66/1,000 PY | |||||
Mittmann et al. [3] | Canada | Moderate and severe COPD exacerbations | All exacerbations (n = 609) | 151 | ||
Moderate exacerbation | 140 | |||||
Severe exacerbation | 151 | |||||
Mancini et al. [53] | COPD patients | Coronary revascularization (n = 946) | Prior year 2.6–5.9 % | |||
Without MI (n = 18,774) | Prior year 1.6–7.3 % | |||||
Gonzalez et al. [80] | >66 years, received ≥3 respiratory medications | Women (n = 19,260) | Prior year 2.7 % | |||
Men (n = 23,893) | Prior year 2.6 % | |||||
Macie et al. [81] | Manitoba (1997–2000) | Drug claim for obstructive airways disease | All recipients (n = 6,041) | 3.2 % | ||
Control (n = 60,410) | 5.2 % | |||||
Ernst et al. [82] | Hospitalized with Pneumonia | Case (n = 23,942) | 14.5 % | |||
Control (n = 95,768) | 3.6 % | |||||
Chan et al. [20] | COPD Diagnosis | Tiotropium (n = 608) | 8.4 % | |||
Placebo (n = 305) | 8.2 % | |||||
Gershon et al. [42] | Ontario (2003–2007) | ≥66 years | Long-acting anticholinergic (n = 28,563) | 33.3 % | ||
Long-acting beta-agonist (n = 17,840) | 30.7 % | |||||
Monfared et al. [83] | (1990–1996) | Elderly COPD patients | RAMQ database (n = 1233) | 32.7 % | ||
MED-ECHO database (n = 1206) | 32.0 % | |||||
Polisena et al. [17] | Calgary (1998–2009) | ≥60 years (mean age) | Telephone support | 32–46 % | ||
Usual Care | 51–66 % | |||||
Goodridge et al. [52] | (Deceased in 2004) | COPD or lung cancer death | All patients (n = 1098) | 80.4 % | ||
Aaron et al. [56] | Canada (1995–2004) | COPD patients | Tiotropium + Plac (n = 156) | 62 | ||
Tiotropium + Salmeterol (n = 148) | 48 | |||||
Tiotropium + Fluticasone-Salmeterol (n = 145) | 41 | |||||
Benayoun et al. [84] | (1996–1997) | >45 years, initiating treatment with combination inhaler | Combined Bronchodilator (n = 641) | Prior year 202 | ||
Double-users (n = 411) | Prior year 279 | |||||
Stephenson et al. [40] | Ontario (2003–2010) | >66 years, Concomitant dementia and COPD | ChEI users (n = 7166) | Prior year 469 | ||
ChEI non-users (n = 7166) | Prior year 403 | |||||
Bourbeau et al. [85] | ≥55 years, without asthma initiating COPD treatment | Case (n = 843) | Current ICS use 275, past user 141 | |||
Control (n = 11,030) | Current ICS use 2994, past user 1357 | |||||
Beauchesne et al. [77] | (1995–2004) | COPD patients | Home management (n = 152) | 100 | ||
Bourbeau et al. [44] | Advanced COPD, ≥1 hospitalization for exacerbation in last year | Usual care (n = 95) | Prior, 152 Year 1, 118 | |||
Self-management care (n = 96) | Prior year, 158 Year 1, 71 | |||||
Disano et al. [86] | (2003–2006) | Ambulatory care COPD | Low SES | 381a | ||
Average SES | 210a | |||||
High SES | 129a | |||||
Keenan et al. [87] | London | COPD with exacerbation at emergency room | All patients (n = 25) | 355 (over 3 years 2 months) | ||
Dormuth et al. [60] | British Columbia | ≥45 years, 2.5-year period after public coverage | Predicted use | 42,735 | ||
Observed use | 44,007 |