Table 1 Summary characteristics of trauma patients in the retrospective study
From: A joint latent class model for classifying severely hemorrhaging trauma patients
Patient characteristics | Total | MT | Non-MT |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 471) | (n = 211) | (n = 260) | |
Mean (SD)a | Mean (SD)a | Mean (SD)a | |
Mortality | |||
Mortality, 0–24 h | 68 (14.4 %) | 51 (24.2 %) | 17 (6.5 %) |
Mortality, 0–30 h | 122 (25.9 %) | 75 (35.5 %) | 47 (18.1 %) |
Clinical outcomes | |||
Ventilation days | 5.57 (9.99) | 5.79 (9.39) | 5.44 (10.34) |
Intensive care unit days | 8.55 (11.75) | 9.98 (12.19) | 7.38 (11.28) |
Hospital days | 17.42 (20.98) | 20.68 (24.23) | 15.09 (18.03) |
Patient characteristics | |||
Age (year) | 41.04 (19.17) | 40.48 (18.62) | 41.50 (19.62) |
Gender (male) | 350 (74.3 %) | 163 (77.2 %) | 187 (71.9 %) |
Penetrating injury | 37.24 (29.39) | 42.82 (33.27) | 32.27 (24.46) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 112.25 (35.446) | 103.46 (32.74) | 119.38 (36.01) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70.72 (24.11) | 69.76 (22.78) | 71.61 (25.29) |
Heart rate (bpm) | 106.26 (27.46) | 115.41 (27.40) | 98.83 (25.23) |
Respiratory rate | 21.42 (7.28) | 22.31 (8.41) | 20.78 (6.29) |
Temperature (°C) | 35.91 (1.05) | 35.85 (1.26) | 35.96 (0.86) |
pH | 7.25 (0.14) | 7.21 (0.16) | 7.28 (0.11) |
International normalized ratio | 1.44 (0.76) | 1.56 (0.75) | 1.33 (0.76) |
Base deficit | −8.23 (6.11) | −10.05 (6.50) | −6.78 (5.37) |
Glasgow Coma Scale | 10.53 (6.70) | 9.30 (5.52) | 11.54 (7.38) |
Injury severity score | 27.68 (15.27) | 32.35 (16.03) | 23.87 (13.50) |
Blood products usage | |||
RBC, 0–6 h (units) | 8.95 (10.92) | 16.91 (12.11) | 2.49 (1.99) |
RBC, 0–24 h (units) | 11.67 (12.32) | 21.41 (12.71) | 3.77 (2.17) |
Plasma, 0–6 h (units) | 4.86 (6.86) | 9.51 (7.75) | 1.08 (2.16) |
Plasma, 0–24 h (units) | 6.87 (8.90) | 13.09 (9.76) | 1.83 (3.06) |
Platelets, 0–6 h (units) | 2.57 (6.04) | 5.45 (8.01) | 0.23 (1.43) |
Platelets, 0–24 h (units) | 4.54 (9.43) | 9.44 (12.26) | 0.56 (2.01) |
Plasma/RBC ratio, 0–24 h (units) | 0.51 (0.59) | 0.63 (0.37) | 0.41 (0.71) |
Platelet/RBC ratio, 0–24 h (units) | 0.24 (0.40) | 0.43 (0.40) | 0.09 (0.32) |