Table 3 Review summary of SLN biopsy in gynaecological cancers using NIR fluorescence
Reference | Cancer type | Surgical procedure | Imaging device | No. of patients | Key results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Furukawa [26] | Cervical | Open | Photodynamic eye (Hamamatsu) | 12 | At least 1 SLN identified in 83Â % of the patients |
Crane [27] | Cervical | Open | Custom made prototype | 10 | Intraoperative detection rate = 64 % relative to total number of ex vivo fluorescent SLNs |
Crane [11] | Vulvar | Open | Custom made prototype | 10 | Detection rates relative to gamma probe: fluorescence = 89.7 %, patent blue = 72.4 % |
Van der Vorst [10] | Cervical | Open | Mini-FLARE | 9 | At least 1 SLN identified in each patient. Optimal ICG:HSA dose: 500 μM |
Rossi [28] | Endometrial/cervical | Robotic-assisted laparoscopy | SPY scope (Novadaq) | 20 | At least 1 SNL identified in 85Â % of the cases |
Holloway [8] | Endometrial | Robotic-assisted laparoscopy | Da Vinci NIR fluorescence imaging system | 35 | At least 1 SLN identified in 97Â % of the patients with fluorescence and 77Â % with calorimetric analysis |
Hutteman [9] | Vulvar | Open | Mini-FLARE | 9 | Detection rates relative to gamma probe: fluorescence = 100 %, patent blue = 71 % Optimal ICG:HSA dose: 750 μM |
Schaafsma [29] | Cervical | Open | Mini-FLARE | 18 | At least 1 SLN identified in 97Â % of the patients. No significant difference in signal-to-background ratio between ICG alone and ICG:HSA |
Schaafsma [13] | Vulval | Open | Mini-FLARE | 24 | Detection rates relative to gamma probe: fluorescence = 100 %, patent blue = 77 % No significant difference in detection rate between ICG alone and ICG:HSA |
Rossi [12] | Endometrial | Robotic-assisted laparoscopy | SPY® scope (Novadaq) | 29 | SLN detection rate: 82 % for cervical injection, 33 % for hysteroscopic endometrial injection |
Mathéron [18] | Vulval | Open | Photodynamic eye (Hamamatsu) | 15 | SLN detection rate: 98 % radioactive, 96 % fluorescence, 65 % blue dye |
Jewell [21] | Endometrial/cervical | Robotic-assisted laparoscopy | PINPOINT® (Novadaq) | 227 | SLN detection rate: 95 %. Combined use of ICG and blue dye proved unnecessary |
Sinno [30] | Endometrial | Robotic-assisted laparoscopy | PINPOINT® (Novadaq) | 71 | Fluorescence ICG superior than blue dye (78.9 % vs. 42.4 % bilateral detection rate) |