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Table 3 Neonatal outcomes for women who had elective caesarean section

From: Incidence and determinants of neonatal morbidity after elective caesarean section at the national referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda

Characteristic

Frequency

Percentages

Sex of the baby

 Male

450

49.0

 Female

470

51.0

Birth weight of the baby in kg

 <2.5

94

10.2

 2.5–3.99

808

87.8

 ≥4

18

2.0

Initiation of breastfeeding

 Within 24 h

260

28.3

 ≥24 h

660

71.7

Admission to the NICU

 Yes

670

72.8

 No

250

27.2

Reason of admission (670)

 Grunting respiration

160

72.8

 Low Apgar score (less than 7 at 5 min)

78

27.2

 Prematurity

20

23.8

 Others

10

1.0

 Observationa

402

60.0

Neonatal complications (n = 116)b

 Neonatal sepsis

38

32.7

 Adverse respiratory outcomesc

68

58.6

 Admission for more than 48 h in NICU

26

22.4

 Early neonatal death

4

3.4

 Low apgar score (less than 4) at 5 min

30

25.9

 Neonatal jaundice

16

13.8

 X-ray suggestive of alveolar diseased

26

22.4

  1. aObservation was the indication for admission to NICU for macrosomic babies and babies where the operation was due to a maternal or fetal indication
  2. bSome babies had more than one complication
  3. cAdverse respiratory outcomes include pulmonary hypertension, transient tachypnoea, apneic attacks or respiratory distress syndrome that developed features of progressive respiratory distress occurring shortly after birth, with grunting respiration, retractions during inspiration, cyanosis, and reduced or absent breathing sounds
  4. dX-rays were done only on babies that did not improve in 48 h