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Table 2 Factors associated to air flow limitation (AFL–LLN) in univariable analysis

From: Prevalence of obstructive lung disease in an African country using definitions from different international guidelines: a community based cross-sectional survey

Characteristics

AFL–LLN n = 49 (%)

No AFL n = 1238 (%)

COR (95 % CI)

p value

Sex

 Male

32 (65.3)

587 (47.4)

2.09 (1.15–3.80)

0.014

 Female

17 (34.7)

651 (52.6)

1

 

Age, years, m (SD)

39.1 (15.2)

34.2 (12.6)

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

0.008

Age group

 19–39

27 (55.1)

884 (71.4)

1

 

 40–60

17 (34.7)

289 (23.3)

1.93 (1.03–3.58)

0.036

 ≥60

5 (10.2)

65 (5.3)

2.52 (0.94–6.76)

0.071

Level of education

 ≤Secondary

32/48 (66.7)

822/1237 (66.5)

1.01 (0.55–1.86)

0.975

 Higher education

16/48 (33.3)

415/1237 (33.5)

1

 

Subject/chamber

 ≤2

26 (53.1)

689/1236 (55.7)

1

0.711

 >2

23 (46.9)

547/1236 (44.3)

1.11 (0.63–1.98)

 

Tobacco smoking

 Current smoker

10 (20.4)

110/1234 (8.9)

2.70 (1.30–5.61)

0.008

 Ex-smokers

4 (8.2)

83/1234 (6.7)

1.43 (0.50–4.13)

0.505

 Non smokers

35 (71.4)

1041/1234 (84.4)

1

 

Cooking fuel

 Biomass

1/43 (2.3)

98/1209 (8.1)

0.32 (0.04–2.46)

0.276

 Mixed

25/43 (58.1)

571/1209 (47.2)

1.39 (0.74–2.60)

0.303

 Clean

17/43 (39.5)

540/1209 (44.7)

1

 

Past history of TB

 No

48 (98)

1218 (98.4)

1

 

 Yes

1 (2)

20 (1.6)

1.27 (0.17–9.65)

0.818

Past history of pneumonia

 No

47 (95.9)

1203 (97.3)

1

 

 Yes

2 (4.1)

34 (2.7)

1.51 (0.35–6.45)

0.582

HIV infection

 No

33 (67.3)

972 (78.5)

1

 

 Yes

1 (2)

10 (0.8)

2.95 (0.37–23.69)

0.310

 Don’t know

15 (30.6)

256 (20.7)

1.73 (0.92–3.23)

0.087

Chronic cough

 No

48 (98)

1214 (98.1)

1

 

 Yes

1 (2)

24 (1.9)

1.05 (0.14–7.95)

>0.999

Chronic expectoration

 No

48 (98)

1229 (99.3)

1

 

 Yes

1 (2)

9 (0.7)

2.85 (0.35–22.91)

0.323

Chronic dyspnoea 1

 No

48 (98)

1181 (95.4)

1

 

 Yes

1 (2)

57 (4.6)

0.43 (0.06–3.18)

0.722

Lifetime wheezing

 No

42 (85.7)

1156/1234 (93.7)

1

 

 Yes

7 (14.3)

78/1234 (6.3)

2.47 (1.08–5.68)

0.038

BMI, kg, m(SD)

25.8 (4.4)

26.5 (5.45)

0.98 (0.92–1.03)

0.410

  1. m mean, SD standard deviation, TB tuberculosis, BMI body mass index, AFL air flow limitation, LLN lower limit of normal