Table 2 Results

Afolalu 2009 [25]

Registry

US (New England)

SIMS (2001–2005; follow-up NR)

PD

5003

Based on case volume in 12/2005

>25 vs. ≤25

1 year mortality^b OR = 1.06 (p = 0.53)

2 years mortality^b OR = 1.09 (p = 0.41)

1year switch to HDµ OR=0.73 (p=0.005)

2 years switch to HD^b OR = 0.74 (p = 0.03)

Castrale 2010 [26]

Registry

France

RDPLF (2000–2005; follow-up to 2007)

PD

1613

Number of all adult patients active on PD per day during study period

>30 vs.  <20

Switch to HD HR = 0.56^a (0.37–0.86)

Survival free of peritonitis HR = 1.01^a (0.77–1.33)

Survival (study period) HR = 0.96^a (0.81–1.14)

Eisenstein 2008 [27]

Registry

US

USRDS (1996–1999; follow-up to 03/2001)

HD

1,86,596

NR

≥ 120 vs. ≤60

1 year survival^b OR = 1.24 (1.21–1.28)

2 years survival^b OR = 1.25 (1.22–1.29)

3 years survival^b OR = 1.29 (1.26–1.32)

4 years survival^b OR = 1.29 (1.26–1.32)

Evans 2013 [28]

Registry

France

RDPLF (2000–2009; follow-up to 2010)

PD

9602

12 month prior initiating treatment

>60 vs. ≤10

Switch to HD (5 years) HR = 0.46^a (0.26–0.81)

Mortality (5 years) HR = 0.99^a (0.72–1.36)

Transplantation (5 years) HR = 1.08^a (0.73–1.61)

Fenton 1997 [30]

Registry

Canada

CORR (1990–1994; follow-up to 1994)

HD/PD

10,633

Patients between 1981 and 1994

≥400 vs. <400

Mortality^b RR = 0.85^a (0.78–0.91)

Fenton 1993 [29]

Registry

Canada

CORR (1981–1991; follow-up to NR)

HD/PD

5476 (aged 65+)

NR

≥400 vs. <200

Mortality RR = 0.84^a (p = 0.068)

Guo 2003 [24]

Registry

USA

BHC (1999–2001; follow up to 02/2003)

PD

32,135

NR

>20 vs. <20

Switch to HD^b HR^a = 0.88 (p ≤ 0.0001)

Huismann 2002 [22]

Registry

The Netherlands

RENINE (1994–1999; follow up to 01/2000)

PD

4049

NR

≥20 vs. <20

Switch to HD RR^a = 0.60 (p < 0.0001)

Mortality RR^a = NR (p > 0.05)

Lobbedez 2011 [31]

Registry

France

RDPLF (2002–2007; follow-up to 2008)

PD

4162

Mean number per day per centre over the study period

>30 vs. ≤20

Switch to HD HR^a = 0.72 (0.56–0.92)

Peritonitis IRR^a = 0.88 (0.74–1.05)

Enteric peritonitis IRR^a = 1.02 (0.73–1.43)

Survival HR^a = 0.98 (0.80–1.20)

Lobbedez 2012 [32]

Registry

France

RDPLF (2002–2010; follow-up to 06/2011)

PD

9801

new patients per year

>20 vs. <10

Switch to HD HR^a = 0.83 (0.72–0.94)

Renal recovery HR = 1.61 (1.02–2.55)

Renal transplantation HR = 1.29 (1.13–1.48)

Mortality HR = 1.11 (1.00–1.21)

Martin 2011 [33]

Registry

Brazil

BRAZPD (12/2004–10/2007; follow-up > 90 days)

PD

2032

Quintiles (over study period)

>156 vs. <40

Peritonitis HR^a = 0.67 (0.46–0.98)

Mircescu 2014 [37]

Registry

Romania

RRR (01/2008–12/2011; follow-up to 12/2012)

HD/PD

9252

Based on PD patients

≥20 vs. <20

Mortality HR^a = 0.88 (0.81–0.97)

Mujais 2006 [34]

Registry

US

BHC (2000–2003; follow-up to 06/2005)

PD

40,869

NR

>39 vs. <10

Survival HR = NR (p > 0.05)

Switch to other treatment HR^a = 0.94 (p < 0.0001) [risk decrease for each census category higher]

Transplantation HR^a = 1.17 (p < 0.0001) [risk decrease for each census category higher]

Nolph 1986 [35]

Registry

US

CAPD Registry (late 1981–12/1985; follow-up to 08/1985)

PD

6431

Center size defined by number of follow-up patients

>70 vs. <6

Peritonitis Median rate 1.13 vs. 1.25 (p = NR)

Plantinga 2009 [36]

Clinical

US

ESRD Quality (EQUAL) Study (10/1995–06/1998; follow-up NR)

PD

236

Number of dialyzed patients in October 1998

>50 vs. ≤50

Switch to HD HR^a = 0.25 (0.13–0.48)

Cardiovascular events HR^a = 0.45 (0.29–0.70)

Cardiovascular mortality HR^a = 0.63 (0.30–1.34)

Mortality HR^a = 0.78 (0.48–1.26)

Schaubel 2001 [23]

Registry

Canada

CORR (1981–1997; follow-up to 1997)

PD

17,900

Cumulative number of patients treated

≥500 vs. ≤99

Mortality RR^a = 0.71 (0.63–0.81)

Switch to HD RR^a = 0.83 (0.73–0.95)