Mean occurence (SD)a | Mean serious-ness of positive responses (SD)b | Significance of correlations between the mean occurrence of specific academically dishonest practices (Unpaired, two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Practicec | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||
1. Copying colleagues with permission | 1.98 (0.90) | 1.19 (0.40) | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | 0.0207* | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | 0.0197* | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | |
2. Copying colleagues without permission | 1.19 (0.58) | 2.00 (0.00) | 0.0046** | <0.0001**** | 0.0205* | 0.2165 | 0.0004 *** | 0.9976 | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | 0.7548 | 0.3632 | ||
3. Failing to participate in group assignments | 1.46 (0.86) | 1.38 (0.50) | <0.0001**** | 0.5818 | 0.1171 | 0.4930 | 0.0060** | 0.0888 | 0.0034** | 0.0027** | 0.0559 | |||
4. Allowed colleagues to copy you | 2.24 (0.89) | 1.32 (0.47) | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | ||||
5. Helped others to cheat | 1.41 (0.86) | 1.43 (0.50) | 0.2865 | 0.2038 | 0.0228* | 0.0165* | 0.0003*** | 0.0107* | 0.1611 | |||||
6. Used electronic device to access the Internet during assessment | 1.33 (0.79) | 1.43 (0.54) | 0.0231* | 0.2269 | 0.0007*** | <0.000**** | 0.1339 | 0.7470 | ||||||
7. Whispered or signalled answers to others during exams | 1.66 (1.99) | 1.59 (0.50) | 0.0006*** | 0.3143 | 0.0223* | 0.0002*** | 0.0087** | |||||||
8. Sent foreign materials to the exam hall | 1.24 (0.69) | 1.63 (0.52) | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | 0.7586 | 0.3699 | ||||||||
9. Disobeyed examination timing instructions (e.g. continuing to write after the alloted time was over) | 1.57 (0.81) | 1.35 (0.49) | 0.1558 | <0.0001**** | 0.0002*** | |||||||||
10. Had prior knowledge of examination questions | 1.73 (0.90) | 1.19 (0.40) | <0.0001**** | <0.0001**** | ||||||||||
11. Asked a lecturer for favour when marking scripts | 1.23 (0.69) | 1.50 (0.55) | 0.2307 | |||||||||||
12. In any other way cheated | 1.29 (0.75) | 2.00 (0.00) |